General Biology : Sir Nico's Materials Cell Modification

Question 1

A type of cell modification that is found on the apical surface of the cell. Functions may include secretion, absorption, movement of luminal contents, locomotion, sensing, and in some organisms, ingestion.

Answer 1

Apical Modification

a. Villi/Microvilli
b. Pseudopods
c. Cilia
d. Flagella
e. Root hair

VPCFR

Very Powerful Channel For Real

Question 2

Function for intercellular connections with the adjacent/neighboring cells.

Answer 2

Lateral Modifications

a. Tight Junctions
b. Adherens/Adhering Junction
c. Gap Junction

TAG

Question 3

Found on the basal surface of the cell for anchorage and/or attachment.

Answer 3

Basal Modifications

a. Desmosomes
b. Hemidesmosomes
c. Basal infoldings

DHB

Department of Hover Board

Question 4

Structure:

o Finger-like cytoplasmic extensions

o Each villus has lacteal (tiny lymphatic vessels that absorb
fatty acids and glycerol)

o One-cell thick to increase the diffusion rate

o Has blood capillary that absorbs glucose and amino acids

o Cells on the villi are packed with microvilli

Answer 4

Villi

Question 5

Present in:

o Apical surface of epithelial cells like in small intestine

Answer 5

Villi

Question 6

Functions:

o Provides a short distance for the diffusion of food
molecules in the blood

o Increases surface area for absorption

Answer 6

Villi

Question 7

Structure:

o Elongated, motile structures on the surface of some
epithelial cells; short hair-like projections

o Made up of microtubules (axoneme: central core)

o Each cilium is connected to a basal body and extends from the free surface

o Exhibits rapid back-and-forth movement

Answer 7

Cilia

Question 8

Present in:
o Paramecium and Balantidium, mammalian
oviduct (respiratory tract: lungs, trachea, paranasal sinus
mucosa, primary bronchus)

Answer 8

Cilia

Question 9

Cillia is present in?

Answer 9

-Paramecium
-Balantidium
- Mammalian oviduct
- Respiratory tract: lungs, trachea, paranasal sinus
mucosa, primary bronchus

PBMR

Pinistol ni Bryan Mendoza si Robert

Question 10

Functions:

o move mammalian ova through oviducts

o clean debris from the respiratory systems of mammals

o locomotion (for protozoa)

Answer 10

Cilia

Question 11

Cillia Locomotion for?

Answer 11

Protozoa

Question 12

Structure:

o Tail-like projections that protrude from the cell body

o Bundle of nine pairs of microtubules surrounding two
central microtubules

o Same axial structure with cilia but much longer

Answer 12

Flagella

Question 13

Present in:

o Sperm cell (spermatozoa- only flagellated cell in human
body)
o Mastigophora: Trypanosoma, Trichomonas, Giardia
leishmania
o also occur on the gametes of algae, fungi, mosses and
slime molds

Answer 13

Flagella

Question 14

Flagell: Mastigophora

Answer 14

-Trypanosoma
-Trichomonas
-Giardia leishmania

TTGl

TarTaGlia

Question 15

Function:

o locomotion

Answer 15

Flagella

Question 16

Structure:

o Long tubular-shaped outgrowths from root epidermal cells

Answer 16

Root Hair

Question 17

about 10 micrometers in diameter

Answer 17

Root Hair

Question 18

Present in Plant roots

Answer 18

Root hair

Question 19

o Aid in plant nutrient acquisition, anchorage, and microbe
interaction

o increase the root’s surface area.

Answer 19

Root Hair

Question 20

intercellular adhesion complexes (predominantly two
proteins called claudins and occludins) in epithelia and
endothelia

Answer 20

Tight Junctions

Question 21

Present in:

o organs (such as skin), blood vessels, and cavities.

o Bladder and intestine

Answer 21

Tight Junctions

Question 22

Tight Junctions is present in?

Answer 22

• Organs (such as skin),
• Blood vessels
• Cavities.
• Bladder
• Intestine

OBCBI

Order ni Baron Cruz Binili sa Iceland

Question 23

o Form the border between the apical and basolateral cell
surface domains

Answer 23

Tight Junctions

Question 24

o establish a barrier that prevents extracellular fluid across a
layer of epithelial cells.

o Prevents leakage of the contents

Answer 24

Tight Junctions

Question 25

Structure: o Has cadherin receptors that bridge the neighboring plasma membranes

Answer 25

Adherens Junction

Question 26

Present in: o Just below tight junctions; epithelial tissues

Answer 26

adherens Junction

Question 27

Function: o maintain the physical association between cells o Preserve tissue integrity by linking cells and connecting to actin filaments

Answer 27

Adherens Junction

Question 28

Structure: o composed of two connexons, also known as hemichannels that line up across the intercellular space.

Answer 28

Gap Junctions

Question 29

Two connexons of Gap Junction that line up across the intercellular space

Answer 29

Hemichannels

Question 30

Present in: o epithelia, nerves, cardiac (heart) muscle, and smooth muscle (such as that of the intestines).

Answer 30

Gap Junctions

Question 31

Gap Junction is present in?

Answer 31

- Epithelia - Nerves - Cardiac Muscle - Smooth Muscle ENCS Enter New Clan Master Sine Master

Question 32

Functions: o allow for electrical communication between cells, and also allow the passage of small second messengers. o when heart cells need to beat in unison, it allows for the transmission of electrical signals between the cells.

Answer 32

Gap Junctions

Question 33

Structure: o cadherins in the plasma membrane connect to intermediate filaments

Answer 33

Desmosomes

Question 34

Present in: o skin epidermis lymphatic endothelial cells

Answer 34

Desmosomes

Question 35

Functions: o anchoring sites for ropelike intermediate filaments, which form a structural framework of great tensile strength o act like spot welds between adjacent epithelial cells, connecting them o maintain the cells in a sheet-like formation in organs and tissues that stretch, such as the skin, heart, and muscles. o Offer a little bit of space for stress release.

Answer 35

Desmosomes

Question 36

o supports the epithelium and also functions as a passive molecular sieve or ultrafilter. o These increase surface area for ion transport. o Present in mitochondria

Answer 36

Basal Infoldings

Question 37

o Functions similarly to desmosomes but it specifically attaches the cell to the basement membrane o Consists of integrin

Answer 37

Hemidesmosomes

Question 38

o cell extensions used for movement and feeding o They also help in sensing targets which can then be engulfed made up of actin filaments, microtubules and intermediate filaments. o Commonly present in amoeba

Answer 38

Pseudopods

Question 39

Pseudopods is commonly present in?

Answer 39

Amoeba

Question 40

o Bundle of ________ pairs of microtubules surrounding two central microtubules

Answer 40

Flagella - Nine Pairs