General Chemistry Ch. 2

Question 1

The periodic table is organized by increasing ____

Answer 1

atomic number/number of protons

Question 2

Define the Periodic Law

Answer 2

The chemical and physical properties of elements are dependent upon atomic numbers

Question 3

Group A elements have valence electrons in the ___ subshell(s)

Answer 3

S or p

Question 4

Define representative elements

Answer 4

Groups IA-VIIIA that have valence electrons in s or p subshells

Question 5

Define non representative elements

Answer 5

Transition elements that have valence electrons in s and d subshells and lanthanide and actinide series that have valence electrons in s and f subshells

Question 6

Group B have elements in the ___ subshell(s)

Answer 6

s and d or s and f

Question 7

Transition elements have electrons in their ___ subshell(s)

Answer 7

s and d

Question 8

The actinide and lanthanide series have electrons in their ___ subshell(s)

Answer 8

s and f

Question 9

____ are non representative elements

Answer 9

Transition metals, lanthanide series, actinide series

Question 10

___ are representative elements

Answer 10

Groups IA-VIIIA

Question 11

Metals have ___ densities

Answer 11

High

Question 12

Metals have ___ melting points

Answer 12

High

Question 13

Metals have ____ effective nuclear charge

Answer 13

Low

Question 14

Metals have ___ electronegativity

Answer 14

Low

Question 15

Metals have ____ atomic radii

Answer 15

Large

Question 16

Metals have ___ ionic radii

Answer 16

Small

Question 17

Metals have ___ ionization energy

Answer 17

Low

Question 18

Metals have ___ electron affinity

Answer 18

Low

Question 19

Most transition metals have ___ or more oxidation states

Answer 19

2

Question 20

Active metals have valence electrons in the ___ subshell(s)

Answer 20

S

Question 21

Transition metals have valence electrons in the ___ subshell(s)

Answer 21

s and d

Question 22

The lanthanide and actinide series have electrons in the ___ subshell(s)

Answer 22

s and f

Question 23

Nonmetals have ___ ionization energy

Answer 23

High

Question 24

Nonmetals have ____electron affinities

Answer 24

High

Question 25

Nonmetals have ___ electronegativity

Answer 25

High

Question 26

Nonmetals have ___ atomic radii

Answer 26

Small

Question 27

Nonmetals have ___ ionic radii

Answer 27

Large

Question 28

List the metalloids

Answer 28

1. Boron (B) 2. Silicon (Si) 3. Germanium (Ge) 4. Arsenic (As) 5. Antimony (Sb) 6. Tellurium (Te) 7. Polonium (Po) 8. Astatine (At)

Question 29

Define and give the symbol for effective nuclear charge

Answer 29

Z (sub) eff: the electrostatic attraction between valence shell electrons and the nucleus. The measure of net positive charge experienced by outermost electrons

Question 30

The effective nuclear charge increases as you go ___ to ___ across the periodic table

Answer 30

Left to right

Question 31

The effective nuclear charge is the same among elements of the same ___

Answer 31

Group

Question 32

The atomic radius increases as you go ___ and ___ on the periodic table

Answer 32

Down and left

Question 33

Nonmetals close to the metalloid line have (larger/smaller) ionic radii than those closer to the noble gases

Answer 33

Larger

Question 34

Metals near the metalloid line have (larger/smaller) ionic radii than other metals

Answer 34

Smaller

Question 35

Define ionization energy/potential

Answer 35

The energy needed to remove an electron from a gaseous species

Question 36

Ionization energy increases as you go ___ and ___ on the periodic table

Answer 36

To the right and up

Question 37

The energy to remove the first electron is (greater/less than) the energy needed to remove subsequent electrons

Answer 37

Less than

Question 38

Define first ionization energy

Answer 38

The energy needed to remove the first electron

Question 39

Groups __ and __ have low ionization energies

Answer 39

IA and IIA

Question 40

Groups ___ and ___ do not exist neutral forms and are found as ionic compounds, minerals, or ores

Answer 40

IA and IIA

Question 41

In ionic form, group ___ exists as anions

Answer 41

VIIA

Question 42

Group __ are halogens

Answer 42

VIIA

Question 43

Define electron affinity

Answer 43

The energy dissipated by a gaseous species when it gains an electron

Question 44

Electron affinity increases as you go ___ and ___ across the periodic table

Answer 44

To the right and up

Question 45

Define electronegativity

Answer 45

The attractive force that an atom exerts on an electron in a chemical bond

Question 46

Lower ionization corresponds to ___ electronegativity

Answer 46

Lower

Question 47

Noble gases have ___ electronegativity

Answer 47

Negligible

Question 48

Electronegativity increases as you go ___ and ___ across the periodic table

Answer 48

Right and up

Question 49

The ____ scale quantifies electronegativity

Answer 49

Pauling

Question 50

What group is the alkali metals

Answer 50

Group IA

Question 51

The alkali metals have ___ densities

Answer 51

Lower

Question 52

Alkali metals have __ electron(s) in the outer shell

Answer 52

1

Question 53

The alkali metals have ___ atomic radii

Answer 53

Large

Question 54

Alkali metals have ___ ionization energy

Answer 54

Low

Question 55

Alkali metals have __ electron affinity

Answer 55

Low

Question 56

Alkali metals have ___ electronegativity

Answer 56

Low

Question 57

Alkali metals highly react with ___

Answer 57

Nonmetals

Question 58

What group is the alkaline earth metals?

Answer 58

Group IIA

Question 59

Alkaline earth metals have __ effective nuclear charge and __ atomic radii

Answer 59

Larger; smaller

Question 60

Alkaline earth metals have __ electron(s) in their valence shell

Answer 60

2

Question 61

Alkali metals lose their electron(s) to form ___

Answer 61

Univalent cations

Question 62

Alkaline earth metals lose their electron(s) to form ___

Answer 62

Divalent cations

Question 63

What group are chalcogens?

Answer 63

Group VIA

Question 64

Chalcogens have __ valence electron(s)

Answer 64

6

Question 65

Lighter chalcogens are __ whereas denser chalcogens are __

Answer 65

Nontoxic; toxic

Question 66

What group are halogens?

Answer 66

Group VIIA

Question 67

Halogens have __ electron(s)

Answer 67

7

Question 68

What state are halogens?

Answer 68

Gaseous, liquid, or solid

Question 69

Halogens have __ electronegativity

Answer 69

High

Question 70

Halogens have __ electron affinity

Answer 70

High

Question 71

Halogens easily bind to __

Answer 71

Alkali metals and alkaline earth metals

Question 72

Halogens aren't found in their __ state, but rather found in the __ or __ state

Answer 72

Elemental; diatomic or halide/ionic

Question 73

What group are inert gases?

Answer 73

Group VIIIA

Question 74

Inert gases are __ reactive (highly/moderately/minimally)

Answer 74

Minimally

Question 75

Inert gases have ___ ionization energy

Answer 75

High

Question 76

Inert gases have __ electronegativity

Answer 76

No

Question 77

Inert gases have __ valence electron(s)

Answer 77

8

Question 78

Inert gases have __ boiling points

Answer 78

Low

Question 79

What group are transition elements found?

Answer 79

IB-VIIIV (3-12)

Question 80

Transition elements are ___

Answer 80

Metals

Question 81

Transition elements have ___ electron affinities

Answer 81

Low

Question 82

Transition elements have ___ ionization energies

Answer 82

Low

Question 83

Transition elements have ___ electronegativities

Answer 83

Low

Question 84

Transition elements have ___ melting points

Answer 84

High

Question 85

Transition elements have ___ boiling points

Answer 85

High