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MCAT > Organic Chemistry Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Ch. 1 Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Oxidation state increases with more bonds to ___

A

Heteroatoms

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2
Q

Define heteroatoms

A

atoms besides carbon

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3
Q

Oxidation state decreases with more bonds to ____

A

Hydrogen

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4
Q

List the prefix and suffix for carboxylic acids

A

Prefix: carboxyl-
Suffix: -oic acid

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5
Q

List the prefix and suffix for anhydrides

A

Prefix: alkanoyloxycarbonyl-
Suffix: anhydride

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6
Q

List the prefix and suffix for esters

A

Prefix: alkoxycarbonyl-
Suffix: -oate

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7
Q

List the prefix and suffix for amides

A

Prefix: carbamoyl- or amido-
Suffix: -amide

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8
Q

List the prefix and suffix for aldehydes

A

Prefix: oxo-
Suffix: -al

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9
Q

List the prefix and suffix for ketones

A

Prefix: oxo- or keto-
Suffix: -one

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10
Q

List the prefix and suffix for alcohols

A

Prefix: hydroxy-
Suffix: -ol

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11
Q

List the prefix and suffix for alkenes

A

Prefix: alkenyl-
Suffix: -ene

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12
Q

List the prefix and suffix for alkynes

A

Prefix: alkynyl-
Suffix: -yne

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13
Q

List the prefix and suffix for alkanes

A

Prefix: alkyl-
Suffix: -ane

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14
Q

Arrange the functional groups in order of priority

A

carboxylic acid>anhydride>ester>amide>aldehyde>ketone>alcohol>alkene/alkyne>alkane

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15
Q

When do akenes have higher priority than alkynes

A

In cyclic compounds

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16
Q

What is the common name for methanoic acid?

A

Formic acid

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17
Q

What molecule is this:
H-C-OH
||
O

A

Formic acid/methanoic acid

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18
Q

Draw the structure of formic acid

A

H-C-OH
||
O

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19
Q

What is the common name for ethanoic acid?

A

Acetic acid

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20
Q

What molecule is this:
CH3-C-OH
||
O

A

Acetic/ethanoic acid

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21
Q

Draw the structure for acetic acid

A

What molecule is this:
CH3-C-OH
||
O

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22
Q

What is the common name for propanoic acid?

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A

Propionic acid

23
Q

What molecule is this:
CH3CH2-C-OH
||
O

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A

Propionic/propanoic acid

24
Q

What are the derivatives of carboxylic acids?

Study These Flashcards
A

Esters, amides, anhydrides

25
Describe the structure of carboxylic acids
carbonyl group (C=O) with a hydroxyl group (-OH) on the terminal carbon: R-C-OH || O
26
Describe the structure of esters
carbonyl group (C=O) with a alkoxyl group (-OR) on terminal carbon: R-C-OR || O
27
Describe the structure of amides
carbonyl group (C=O) with an amino group (-NR) on the terminal carbon: R-C-NR || O
28
Describe the structure of anhydrides
two carbonyl groups (C=O) connected to an oxygen, typically symmetrical and/or cyclic: R-C-O-C-R || || O O
29
Describe the structure of aldehydes
carbonyl group that is found at the end of a carbon chain: R-C-H || O
30
What is the common name for methanal?
Formaldehyde
31
What is the common name for ethanal?
Acetylaldehyde
32
What is the common name for propanal?
Propionaldehyde
33
Describe the structure of ketones
carbonyl group found in the middle of a carbon chain: R-C-R || O
34
What is the common name for 2-propanol?
isopropyl alcohol
35
What is the common name for ethanol?
Ethyl alcohol
36
Methanoic acid/formic acid is what type of molecule?
Carboxylic acid
37
Ethanoic acid/acetic acid is what type of molecule?
Carboxylic acid
38
Propanoic acid/propionic acid is what type of molecule?
Carboxylic acid
39
Methanal/formaldehyde is what type of molecule?
Aldehyde
40
Ethanal/acetaldehyde is what type of molecule?
Aldehyde
41
Propanal/propionaldehyde is what type of molecule?
Aldehyde
42
Describe the structure of alkanes
Simple hydrocarbons: CnH(2n+2)
43
What is the prefix for alkyl halides?
fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo
44
Describe the structure of alkenes
Carbon-carbon double bonds
45
Describe the structure of alkynes
Carbon-Carbon triple bonds
46
Describe the structure of alcohols
carbon chain with a hydroxyl (-OH) group: | R-C-OH
47
The ___ group gets priority
most oxidized
48
Ethanol/ethyl alcohol is what type of molecule
Alcohol
49
2-propanol/isopropyl alcohol is what type of molecule?
Alcohol
50
Alcohols with 2 hydroxyl groups are called ____
Diols or glycols
51
Define geminal diol
An alcohol with two hydroxyl groups on the same carbon
52
Define vicinal diol
An alcohol with two hydroxyl groups on adjacent carbons
53
Geminal diols are also called _____
Hydrates
54
Why aren't hydrates/geminal diols commonly seen
Because they spontaneously dehydrate to form carbonyl compounds with the functional group C=O

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