General Intelligence Flashcards
(24 cards)
Who developed factor analysis?
Charles Spearman developed factor analysis
What did Charles Spearman introduce?
Spearman introduced general intelligence or ‘g’
Spearman school test
1904-1921: administered a series of intelligence tests to children in local schools and used factor analysis to analyse the results of these tests.
Spearman school test results
Found that a person who does well on one intelligence test will perform equally well on a variety of intellectual tests. Named this positive correlation between tests the ‘positive manifold’
From this idea pf a positive manifold between intelligence tests, what did Spearman propose?
A two-factor theory of intelligence
What does the two-factor theory of intelligence consist of?
Specific intelligence/’s’ and general intelligence/’g’
Specific intelligence/’s’
Type of intelligence needed for performing well on each different intelligent task
General intelligence/’g’
Type of intelligence required for performing well on intelligence tests of all kind
How did Spearman envision ‘g’?
A kind of mental energy that underlies specific factors of intelligence
What were Wechsler’s first tests modelled on?
Spearman’s two-factor model
Wechsler’s two tests
- Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) for adults aged 16-75
- Wechsler Scale for Children (WISC) for children aged 5-16
Standard deviation (SD)
Average amount by which individual values deviate from the mean
What % of the data will fall within standard deviation point on either side of the mean?
68.26%
What are IQ normed to a mean of?
IQ scores are normed to a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15
What did L.L Thurstone say about Spearman’s work?
Spearman’s research failed to demonstrate that a general factors of intelligence was influencing all specific aspects of intelligence
What did Thurstone argue about ‘g’?
Argued that ‘g’ results from 7 mental abilities: associate memory, number facility, perceptual speed, reasoning, spatial visualisation, verbal comprehension, and word fluency
What did Raymond Cattell suggest about the ‘g’?
‘G’ comprises of 2 related but distinct components - crystallised intelligence and fluid intelligence
Who disagreed with Spearman’s idea of ‘g’?
J.P Guilford
What did Guilford propose about intelligence?
Proposed the intelligence was the result of 150 independent abilities grouped into 3 categories: operations, contents, and products
What is Guilford’s theory called?
Structure of Intellect (SI) theory
Hierarchical approach to intelligence
Carroll’s (1993) Three Stratum Theory
Stratum I
69 specific forms of intelligence
Stratum II
8 broad dimensions of intelligence
Stratum III
General intelligence (g)
