Intelligence Flashcards
(17 cards)
What are Western culture’s view of intelligence according to Sternberg et al., (1981)
Emphasis on speed and articulation/speed of mental processing; ability to gather and assimilate and sort information quickly and efficiently; ability to articulate these ideas verbally, clearly, and fluently
Taiwanese Chinese people’s view of intelligence according to Yang and Sternberg (1997)
Emphasis on humility, the ability to be perceptive and show full knowledge and understanding of oneself and the world that surrounds us (problem solving; interpersonal intelligence; intellectual self assertion; intellectual self-effacement)
What did the Bell Curve (1994) suggest?
The Bell Curve (1994) suggested that differences in IQ scores (between black people and white people) are largely genetic. This heralded the rise of a ‘cognitive elite’
What is a methodological flaw of the proposal in The Bell Curve (1994)?
Seemed to some to be motivated by racism
Gottfredson et al., (1994) intelligence definition
Intelligence is a very general mental capacity that, among other things, involves the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience. It is not merely book learning, a narrow academic skill, or test-taking smarts. Rather, it reflects a broader and deeper capability for comprehending our surroundings - “catching on”, “making sense” of things, or “figuring out” what to do
Reasons to study intelligence
- Understand how people think, learn, and solve problems
- Understand how these skills influence various aspects of life
- Identify people with learning difficulties and respond to these difficulties
What did Galton propose in Hereditary Genius (1869)?
Theory that intelligence is hereditary and passed down to children from parents
Who produced the Binet-Simon Intelligence Scale?
Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon
What was the Binet-Simon scale used for?
Identify children who might require additional educational support. It could also be used to determine a ‘mental age’
How does the Binet-Simon scale work?
30 tasks of increasing difficulties designed to be developmentally appropriate for children aged 3-10
What did the Binet-Simon scale include in terms of tasks?
- Naming body parts
- Counting coins
- Recalling a number of digits from a long list
4.Filling in missing words in a sentence
Who developed the idea of the intelligence quotient (IQ)?
William Stern
How was intelligent quotient (IQ) developed?
While studying scores from Binet-Simon scale, Stern noticed that if a child’s ‘mental age’ varied by the chronological age, the ratio was fairly constant
Intelligence quotient (IQ)
The ratio of mental age divided by chronological age
Who later adapted intelligence quotient (IQ)?
Lewis Terman
What did Lewis Terman change about intelligence quotient (IQ)?
Multiplied the IQ by 100 to obtain a whole number
Terman IQ equation
(mental age ÷ chronological age) x 100
