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Semester 2 FS Exam 2 > General Joint Mechanics > Flashcards

General Joint Mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Joint Reaction Force

A

Accounts for net forces generated by bone-bone contact

It is a net force

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2
Q

Rotary component

A

indication of the torque that the muscle is producing

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3
Q

Translatory component

A

JRF - contributes to joint compression of distraction

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4
Q

Stabilizing effect

A

Translatory component towards the joint

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5
Q

Dislocating effect

A

Translatory component away from the joint

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6
Q

MA change with joint angle

A

As angle increases, so does the MA

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7
Q

Seated leg extension - where most torque?

A

in the extended position

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8
Q

Standing to squat - where most torque?

A

in flexed position

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9
Q

Basic assumptions that are made with movement description

Result

A
  1. Body deforms at limited number of positions (joints)
  2. Deformations in joints can be large or ignored
    Result –> linked system of rigid bodies (segments model)
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10
Q

Linear kinematics = study of
Slope of pos time
Slope of vel time

A

the form or sequencing of linear motion with respect to time
Slope of pos time curve is velocity
Slope of vel time curve is acceleration

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11
Q

Kinematics can tell you

A

position
velocity
acceleration

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12
Q

Linear kinematics

A

Translation or linear motion

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13
Q

Toe clearance

A

1.3 cm

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14
Q

Angular kinematics = deals with

A

description of angular motion, rotation about an axis
The axis may be external or internal to the body
Deals with angles and changes of angles
Axis of rotation - plane of rotation around the axis
Axis is perpendicular to the plane

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15
Q

Absolute angle

A

Measured from a defined constant position of the reference system
Horizontal and vertical

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16
Q

Natural relative angle

A

Anatomical reference position, btw body segments (goni)

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17
Q

Zero based angles

A

Convention of joint angle reporting in biomechanical literature

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18
Q

Radian

A

the angle formed by an arc that is equal to the length of the radius
1 Radian = 57.3 degrees

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19
Q

Circumference =

A

6.28 radians

2pir

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20
Q

Center of gravity

A

the point at which you can imagine all the mass of an object being concentrated

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21
Q

Symmetrical objects COG

A

at the geometric center

22
Q

Irregular objects COG

A

must be measured or calculated

23
Q

Flexible objects COG

A

not in a fixed position - moves as the object moves

24
Q

Synarthroses

A

Fibrous (sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses (amph)

Cartilagenous (sympheses, synchondroses (amph)

25
Q

Diarthroses

A

Uniaxial (hinge and pivot)
Biaxial (condyloid and saddle)
Triaxial (Gliding and ball.socket)

26
Q

Suture

A

No synovial cavity
Interlocking bones
Collagenous membrane
Fibrous synarthroses (no movement)

27
Q

Gomphosis

A

No synovial cavity
Bone inserted into another bone
Fibrous tissue
Fibrous synarthroses (no movement)

28
Q

Syndesmosis

A

No synovial cavity
Adjacent bones
Interosseous membrane
Fibrous amphiarthrosis (limited)

29
Q

Symphysis

A

No synovial cavity
Covered with hyaline cartilage
Joined via fibrocartilage
Cartilagenous synarthrosis (no movement)

30
Q

Synchondrosis

A

No synovial cavity
Bones connected via hyaline cartilage
Cartilagenous amphiarthrosis (limited)
Sternum

31
Q

Diarthrosis Features

A 
Synovial cavity
Joint capsule
Joint cavity
Synovial lining
Synovial fluid
Hyaline cartilage - articular disk
32
Q

Joint DF

A

Each translation at a certain moment can be described as three relative perpendicular translations
Each rotation at a certain moment can be described as three relative perpendicular rotations
3D can have 6 DF
2D can have 3DF

33
Q

Define DF

A

the number of relative movements, independent of each other that a body has

34
Q

Osteokinematics

A

Gross movements of bones at joints
Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Internal rotation/External rotation

35
Q

Arthrokinematics

A

Small amplitude motions of bones at joint surfaces
Roll
Glide (or slide)
Spin

36
Q

Osterokinematics describes the

A

movements that occur around a center of rotation (joint axis)
Joint axis is a fixed point

37
Q

Arthrokinematics describes the

A

normal joint surface movement is necessary to ensure long term joint integrity - the joint surface movements are joint play motions or component motions

38
Q

Rules of concavity and convexity

A

Movements at joint surfaces (arthro) follow the rules of concavity and convexity
Each joint or articulation involves two bony surfaces, one that is convex and one that is concave

39
Q

When concave surface is fixed

A

the convex surface moves on it, the convex surface rolls and glides in opposite directions

40
Q

When convex surface is fixed

A

the concave surface moves on it, the concave surface rolls and glides in the same direction

41
Q

Center of rotation

A

Moving center of rotation
Location of axis is not constant
Result of glide and roll combination

42
Q

Kinetic Chain

A

Segments - linked to each other by connections (joints)

A system of elements (segments) and connections is called a kinetic chain

43
Q

Equation for closed kinetic chain

A

DF = ((i-1) * 6) - O

44
Q

Equation for open kinetic chain

A

DF = ((i-0) * 6) - O

45
Q

Closed packed position

A 
Max congruency
Tissue tension
No distraction
Higher congruency = harder to move the joint 
Extended knee
46
Q

Loose packed position

A

Minimum congruency
Minimum tissue tension
Used with joint monilizations
Congruency = how well the surfaces fit together

47
Q

Mobility

A

Determined by the shape of joint surfaces and synovial fluid

DF

48
Q

Stability

A

Internal –> joint surfaces, cartilage wedges, meniscus, disks, plates, and labrum
External –> passive (ligament, sapule, bursa, fascia) Active (muscle/tendon units)

49
Q

Simple vs complex joints

A 
Simple = stability
Complex = mobility
50
Q

Transverse plane

A

Longitudinal axis
horizontal abdu/adduc
Internal and ext rotation
Pron/supination

51
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Mediolateral axis
Flex/Ext
Hyper ext
Dorsi/plantar

52
Q

Frontal plane

A 
Anteroposterior axis
Abdu/adduc
Lateral flexion
Radial/ulnar deviation
Inversion/eversion

Semester 2 FS Exam 2 (6 decks)

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