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Semester 2 FS Exam 2 > General Joint Mechanics > Flashcards

General Joint Mechanics Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Joint Reaction Force

A

Accounts for net forces generated by bone-bone contact

It is a net force

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2
Q

Rotary component

A

indication of the torque that the muscle is producing

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3
Q

Translatory component

A

JRF - contributes to joint compression of distraction

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4
Q

Stabilizing effect

A

Translatory component towards the joint

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5
Q

Dislocating effect

A

Translatory component away from the joint

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6
Q

MA change with joint angle

A

As angle increases, so does the MA

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7
Q

Seated leg extension - where most torque?

A

in the extended position

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8
Q

Standing to squat - where most torque?

A

in flexed position

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9
Q

Basic assumptions that are made with movement description

Result

A
  1. Body deforms at limited number of positions (joints)
  2. Deformations in joints can be large or ignored
    Result –> linked system of rigid bodies (segments model)
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10
Q

Linear kinematics = study of
Slope of pos time
Slope of vel time

A

the form or sequencing of linear motion with respect to time
Slope of pos time curve is velocity
Slope of vel time curve is acceleration

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11
Q

Kinematics can tell you

A

position
velocity
acceleration

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12
Q

Linear kinematics

A

Translation or linear motion

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13
Q

Toe clearance

A

1.3 cm

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14
Q

Angular kinematics = deals with

A

description of angular motion, rotation about an axis
The axis may be external or internal to the body
Deals with angles and changes of angles
Axis of rotation - plane of rotation around the axis
Axis is perpendicular to the plane

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15
Q

Absolute angle

A

Measured from a defined constant position of the reference system
Horizontal and vertical

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16
Q

Natural relative angle

A

Anatomical reference position, btw body segments (goni)

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17
Q

Zero based angles

A

Convention of joint angle reporting in biomechanical literature

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18
Q

Radian

A

the angle formed by an arc that is equal to the length of the radius
1 Radian = 57.3 degrees

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19
Q

Circumference =

A

6.28 radians

2pir

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20
Q

Center of gravity

A

the point at which you can imagine all the mass of an object being concentrated

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21
Q

Symmetrical objects COG

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A

at the geometric center

22
Q

Irregular objects COG

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A

must be measured or calculated

23
Q

Flexible objects COG

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A

not in a fixed position - moves as the object moves

24
Q

Synarthroses

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A

Fibrous (sutures, gomphoses, syndesmoses (amph)

Cartilagenous (sympheses, synchondroses (amph)

25
Diarthroses
Uniaxial (hinge and pivot) Biaxial (condyloid and saddle) Triaxial (Gliding and ball.socket)
26
Suture
No synovial cavity Interlocking bones Collagenous membrane Fibrous synarthroses (no movement)
27
Gomphosis
No synovial cavity Bone inserted into another bone Fibrous tissue Fibrous synarthroses (no movement)
28
Syndesmosis
No synovial cavity Adjacent bones Interosseous membrane Fibrous amphiarthrosis (limited)
29
Symphysis
No synovial cavity Covered with hyaline cartilage Joined via fibrocartilage Cartilagenous synarthrosis (no movement)
30
Synchondrosis
No synovial cavity Bones connected via hyaline cartilage Cartilagenous amphiarthrosis (limited) Sternum
31
Diarthrosis Features
``` Synovial cavity Joint capsule Joint cavity Synovial lining Synovial fluid Hyaline cartilage - articular disk ```
32
Joint DF
Each translation at a certain moment can be described as three relative perpendicular translations Each rotation at a certain moment can be described as three relative perpendicular rotations 3D can have 6 DF 2D can have 3DF
33
Define DF
the number of relative movements, independent of each other that a body has
34
Osteokinematics
Gross movements of bones at joints Flexion/Extension Abduction/Adduction Internal rotation/External rotation
35
Arthrokinematics
Small amplitude motions of bones at joint surfaces Roll Glide (or slide) Spin
36
Osterokinematics describes the
movements that occur around a center of rotation (joint axis) Joint axis is a fixed point
37
Arthrokinematics describes the
normal joint surface movement is necessary to ensure long term joint integrity - the joint surface movements are joint play motions or component motions
38
Rules of concavity and convexity
Movements at joint surfaces (arthro) follow the rules of concavity and convexity Each joint or articulation involves two bony surfaces, one that is convex and one that is concave
39
When concave surface is fixed
the convex surface moves on it, the convex surface rolls and glides in opposite directions
40
When convex surface is fixed
the concave surface moves on it, the concave surface rolls and glides in the same direction
41
Center of rotation
Moving center of rotation Location of axis is not constant Result of glide and roll combination
42
Kinetic Chain
Segments - linked to each other by connections (joints) | A system of elements (segments) and connections is called a kinetic chain
43
Equation for closed kinetic chain
DF = ((i-1) * 6) - O
44
Equation for open kinetic chain
DF = ((i-0) * 6) - O
45
Closed packed position
``` Max congruency Tissue tension No distraction Higher congruency = harder to move the joint Extended knee ```
46
Loose packed position
Minimum congruency Minimum tissue tension Used with joint monilizations Congruency = how well the surfaces fit together
47
Mobility
Determined by the shape of joint surfaces and synovial fluid | DF
48
Stability
Internal --> joint surfaces, cartilage wedges, meniscus, disks, plates, and labrum External --> passive (ligament, sapule, bursa, fascia) Active (muscle/tendon units)
49
Simple vs complex joints
``` Simple = stability Complex = mobility ```
50
Transverse plane
Longitudinal axis horizontal abdu/adduc Internal and ext rotation Pron/supination
51
Sagittal plane
Mediolateral axis Flex/Ext Hyper ext Dorsi/plantar
52
Frontal plane
``` Anteroposterior axis Abdu/adduc Lateral flexion Radial/ulnar deviation Inversion/eversion ```

Semester 2 FS Exam 2 (6 decks)

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