General Organisation

Question 1

What are the compartments in the neck separated by?

Answer 1

Fascia (fibrous sheets of tissue)

Question 2

How many layers of superficial fascia in the neck are there?

Answer 2

1

Question 3

How many layers of deep fascia in the neck are there?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

What is the general difference between superficial and deep fascia in the neck?

Answer 4

Superficial = loose CT 
Deep = dense CT

Question 5

Name the first layer of deep fascia in the neck

Answer 5

Investing layer

Question 6

Name the 2nd layer of deep fascia in the neck

Answer 6

Carotid sheath

Question 7

Describe the contents of the carotid sheath

Answer 7

Carotid artery (common -> internal)
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

Question 8

Name the 3rd layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 8

Pre-vertebral fascia

Question 9

Name the 4th layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 9

Pre-tracheal

Question 10

Name the 4 layers of deep cervical fascia

Answer 10

Investing
Carotid sheath
Pre-vertebral
Pre-tracheal

Question 11

Which muscles are encased within the investing layer of fascia?

Answer 11

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Question 12

What do we find within superficial cervical fascia?

Answer 12

Veins
Superficial lymph nodes
Cutaneous nerves
Platysma muscle

Question 13

Describe the retropharyngeal space

Answer 13

Between the buccopharyngeal fascia (of pre-tracheal) and the pre-vertebral fascia
Bounded laterally by carotid sheaths
Runs down to the mediastinum

Question 14

What do we call the 2 parts of the cranium?

Answer 14

Neurocranium (enclosing brain)

Viscerocranium (facial skeleton)

Question 15

How many bones make up the skull?

Answer 15

22

Question 16

How many cervical vertebrae do we have?

Answer 16

7

Question 17

What structure forms the Adam’s apple in men?

Answer 17

Thyroid cartilage

Question 18

How many infrahyoid muscles are there?

Answer 18

4

Question 19

What are the main muscles of the neck?

Answer 19

Platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius

Question 20

We can divide the pre-tracheal fascia into 2 parts called …

Answer 20

Visceral

Muscular

Question 21

Where do the pre- or paravertebral muscles extend from and to?

Answer 21

Extend from base of skull into thorax

Question 22

At what level does the common carotid bifurcate?

Answer 22

C4

Question 23

Where does the anterior part of the pre-tracheal fascia extend to?

Answer 23

Hyoid bone

Question 24

What is the action of platysma?

Answer 24

Draws corners of mouth inferiorly

Draws skin of neck superiorly if teeth clenched

Question 25

What nerve innervates the platysma?

Answer 25

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 26

What are the attachments of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 26

Mastoid process to clavicle and sternum

Question 27

What are the action of sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 27

``` Unilateral = lateral flexion of neck, rotate chin superiorly (opposite way) Bilateral = flexion at neck, extension of atlanto-occipital joint ```

Question 28

Which nerve innervate sternocleidomastoid?

Answer 28

Accessory nerve (XI)

Question 29

What are the actions of trapezius?

Answer 29

Elevate and rotate scapula (shrug shoulders)

Question 30

What nerve innervates the trapezius?

Answer 30

Accessory nerve (XI)

Question 31

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Answer 31

Midline of the neck Anterior margin sternocleidomastoid Inferior margin of mandible

Question 32

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

Answer 32

Posterior margin sternocleidomastoid Anterior margin trapezius Clavicle

Question 33

What 2 spaces in the neck extend into the mediastinum?

Answer 33

Retropharyngeal | Pre-tracheal

Question 34

Which nerve tends to innervate muscles of facial expression?

Answer 34

Facial nerve (VII)

Question 35

Which nerve tends to innervate muscles of mastication?

Answer 35

Trigeminal (V)

Question 36

How many branches does the trigeminal nerve have and name them?

Answer 36

3 key branches | Ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular

Question 37

Which branch of trigeminal tends to provide motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?

Answer 37

Mandibular branch

Question 38

What is the main sensory nerve to face and scalp?

Answer 38

Trigeminal nerve

Question 39

What are the 5 key terminal branches of the facial nerve?

Answer 39

``` Temporal Zygomatic Buccal Marginal mandibular Cervical ```

Question 40

Which nerve passes through the parotid gland?

Answer 40

Facial nerve

Question 41

What is the main blood supply to the neck and face?

Answer 41

Facial artery branch of external carotid

Question 42

What is the main vein draining the head and neck?

Answer 42

Internal jugular

Question 43

What are the main muscles of mastication?

Answer 43

Temporalis Masseter Medial and lateral pterygoid

Question 44

Where does the carotid sheath run?

Answer 44

Arch of aorta to base of skull