GENERAL PARASITOLOGY (LEC 1)

Question 1

area of biology concerned with the phenomenon of dependence of one living organism on another

Answer 1

Parasitology

Question 2

deals with parasites which infect man, the diseases they produce, the response generated by him against them and various methods of diagnosis and prevention

Answer 2

Clinical (Medical) Parasitology

Question 3

an organism that is entirely dependent on another organism (host) for all or part of its life cycle and metabolic requirements.

Answer 3

Parasites

Question 4

examples of Microparasites

Answer 4

Bacteria, Protozoans, Viruses

Question 5

2 types of Parasites

Answer 5

Microparasites and Macroparasites

Question 6

What are the types of Helminths?

Answer 6

Roundworms, Flukes, Tapeworms, Thorny-headed worms

Question 7

generally infects the bile ducts, liver, or blood

Answer 7

Flukes (trematodes)

Question 7

can cause infection in the intestines or the body

Answer 7

Roundworms (nematodes)

Question 8

mainly infects animals, rarely can infect humans

Answer 8

Thorny-headed worms

Question 9

Classification of Parasites according to LOCATION

Answer 9

Ectoparasites and Endoparasites

Question 9

Ectoparasite causes what disease?

Answer 9

Infestation

Question 10

lives on the surface of the skin/temporarily invade superficial tissues of the host

Answer 10

Ectoparasites

Question 11

Examples of Ectoparasites
* Mites

Answer 11

Mesostigamata
Prostigamata
Astigmata

Question 12

Not all parasites cause disease/infection. True or False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Although the presence of parasites signify that there’s no problem in sanitation of people. There is no actual public health concern.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

refers to a part of parasite that shows the segments with a strobila

Answer 14

Proglottids

Question 15

Head of the parasite

Answer 15

Scolex

Question 16

Segmented part of parasite

Answer 16

Strobila

Question 17

stages of HELMINTHS

Answer 17

egg-larva-adult

Question 18

stages of PROTOZOANS

Answer 18

Most: cysts-trophozoites
Some: has young trophozoites, mature trophozoites, gametocytes

Question 19

Examples of Ectoparasites
*Mosquitoes

Answer 19

Anopheles spp.
Aedes spp.
Culex spp.
Mansonia spp.

Question 20

Where is the sex organ of the mosquito found?

Answer 20

Antenae

Question 21

Which is more harmful, a female mosquito or a male mosquito

Answer 21

Female - nangangagat because it needs blood (reproduce)

Question 22

Male mosquitoes’ antenae structure

Answer 22

Thick bushy

Question 23

Female mosquitoes' antenae structure

Answer 23

Thin, bushy

Question 24

Male cockroach

Answer 24

Small bumps on the underside of their abdomen

Question 25

Female Cockroach

Answer 25

Abdomen, although not visible, ovipositor

Question 26

Young parasite's morphology is completely different from adult

Answer 26

Complete Metamorphosis

Question 27

Young cockroach

Answer 27

Nymph

Question 28

Mature cockroach

Answer 28

Adult

Question 29

Examples of Ectoparasites *Ticks (Metastigmata)

Answer 29

Argasidae Ixodidae

Question 30

parasites that live within the host

Answer 30

Endoparasites

Question 31

Endoparasites causes what type of disease

Answer 31

Infection

Question 32

All protozoans and helminths are endoparasites

Answer 32

True

Question 33

organisms that under favorable circumstances may live either parasitic or free-living existence

Answer 33

Facultative parasite

Question 34

organisms that attack an unusual host

Answer 34

Accidental parasites

Question 35

organisms that attack a host where they cannot live or develop further

Answer 35

Aberrant parasites

Question 36

non-parasitic stages of existence which are lived independently of a host

Answer 36

Free living Parasites

Question 37

Remains on or in the body of the host for its entire life

Answer 37

Permanent parasites

Question 38

Examples of Macroparasites

Answer 38

Helminths

Question 39

small, unicellular; multiplies within vertebrate host

Answer 39

Microparasites

Question 40

large, multicellular; no direct reproduction within its vertebrate host

Answer 40

Macroparasites

Question 41

organisms that cannot exist without a host

Answer 41

Obligate parasites

Question 42

Lives on the host only for a short period of time

Answer 42

Temporary parasites

Question 43

Protozoans and Helminths are temporary parasites. True or False.

Answer 43

False

Question 44

Classification of parasite according to BODY SHAPE

Answer 44

Amoebid Cylindrical Flat

Question 45

Classification of parasite according to DISEASE SPECTRUM

Answer 45

Acute Chronic Commensal Opportunistic

Question 46

Classification of parasite according to HABITAT

Answer 46

Blood Eye Lymphatics Skin

Question 47

Classification of parasite according to MODE OF TRANSMISSION

Answer 47

Fecal-Oral Skin penetration Soil-transmitted

Question 48

Parasites Subkingdom

Answer 48

Helminths and Protozoan

Question 49

Parasites Subkingdom

Answer 49

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Nematoda (roundworms)

Question 50

Helminths Phylum

Answer 50

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Nematoda (roundworms)

Question 51

Platyhelminthes (flatworms) Classes

Answer 51

Cestoda (tapeworms) Trematoda (flukes)

Question 52

Protozoans Phylum

Answer 52

Sarcomastigophora Ciliophora Apicomplexa Microspora

Question 53

Sarcomastigophora Subphylum

Answer 53

Sarcodina (Amoebas) Mastigophora (Flagellates)

Question 54

Sarcodina with pseudopods (false feet)

Answer 54

Free Living (Acanthamoeba & Naegleria) Intestinal (Entamoeba)

Question 55

Mastigaphora with flagella

Answer 55

Intestinal (Trichomonas) Blood (Leishmania & Trypanosoma)

Question 56

Ciliophora with thread-like extension (cilia)

Answer 56

Intestinal (Balantidium)

Question 57

Apicomplexa Classes

Answer 57

Sporozoa Coccidia

Question 58

Sporozoa (blood parasite)

Answer 58

Plasmodium Babesia

Question 59

Coccidia (intestinal parasite)

Answer 59

Crystosporidium Cyclospora Cystoisospora

Question 60

Tissue parasites

Answer 60

Sarcocystis Toxoplasma

Question 61

Microspora

Answer 61

Intestinal & Organs parasites

Question 62

organism that harbors the parasite and provides nourishment and shelter to the latter

Answer 62

Host

Question 63

Types of Hosts

Answer 63

Definitive Host Intermediate Host Paratenic Host Reservoir Host Incidental Host

Question 64

✓where sexual reproduction occurs ✓ which most highly developed form of the parasite occurs

Answer 64

definitive host

Question 65

When the most mature form is not obvious, the definitive host is the mammalian host. True or False

Answer 65

True

Question 66

In taeniasis, humans are the _________host

Answer 66

Definitive

Question 67

where the larval or asexual stages of a parasite is found

Answer 67

intermediate host

Question 68

Pigs and Cattles serve as _______ host of taenia spp.

Answer 68

Intermediate

Question 69

where the larval stage of a parasite survives but does not develop further

Answer 69

Paratenic host

Question 70

harbors the parasite and serves as an important source of infection to other susceptible host

Answer 70

Reservoir host

Question 71

Reservoir of Balantidium coli

Answer 71

Pigs

Question 72

Reservoir host of Paragonimus westermani

Answer 72

Field rats

Question 73

Reservoir of Brugia malayi

Answer 73

cats

Question 74

A host in which a pathogen or parasite can grow and cause disease but not be transmitted to other hosts.

Answer 74

Incidental Host

Question 75

Protozoans with NO intermediate host

Answer 75

✓ Entamoeba histolytica ✓ Giardia lamblia ✓ Chilomastix mesnili ✓Balantidium coli ✓Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 76

Helminths with NO intermediate host

Answer 76

✓Enterebius vermicularis ✓Hymenolepis nana ✓STHs (A. lumbricoides, T. Trichiura, Hookworms

Question 77

Parasites with 1 intermediate host

Answer 77

✓Dipylidium caninum ✓Hymenolepis diminuta ✓Echinococcus granulosus ✓Plasmodium spp. ✓Taenia solium ✓ Trichinella spiralis ✓ T. saginatta ✓ Trypanosoma cruzi ✓ Brugia malayi ✓Wuchureria bancrofti ✓ Schistosoma spp. ✓Dracunculus medinensis ✓ Leishmania ✓ Trypanosoma spp ✓ Loa loa ✓ Onchocerca volvulus

Question 78

Hymenolepis diminuta host

Answer 78

flea

Question 79

Plasmodium spp host

Answer 79

Man

Question 80

Trichinella spiralis host

Answer 80

pig

Question 81

Trichinella saginata host

Answer 81

cattle

Question 82

Trypanosoma cruzi host

Answer 82

triatoma bug

Question 83

other name for triatoma bug

Answer 83

Reduviid bug/Triatonim bug/Kissing bug/ Asassin bug

Question 84

Brugia malayi host

Answer 84

Mosquito: Aedes, Anopheles in rural areas; Culex quinquefasciatus in urban areas

Question 85

Schistosoma spp host

Answer 85

snail

Question 86

Dracunculus medinensis host

Answer 86

Copepod (Water Flea)

Question 87

Trypanosoma spp host

Answer 87

Tsetse fly: Glossina spp

Question 88

Loa loa host

Answer 88

Chrysops/ deer fly/ mango fly/ tabanid fly: C. dimidiate, C. silacea

Question 89

Onchocerca volvulus host

Answer 89

Simulium/black fly

Question 90

Parasites with 2 intermediate host

Answer 90

✓Clonorchis sinensis ✓Diphyllobotrium latum ✓ Fasciola spp ✓Paragonimus westermani

Question 91

2 hosts of Clonorchis sinensis

Answer 91

snail &fish

Question 92

2 hosts of Diphyllobothrium latum

Answer 92

cyclops & fish

Question 93

2 hosts of Fasciola spp

Answer 93

snail & plant

Question 94

2 hosts of Paragonimus westermani

Answer 94

snail and freshwater crustaceans

Question 95

Mosquito spp differentiation

Answer 95

Nasa pedipalp nila (parang beak)

Question 96

Trypanosoma cruzi causes

Answer 96

American trypanosomiasis /Chaga’s Disease

Question 97

Cryptosporidium parvum causes

Answer 97

Cryptosporidiosis

Question 98

F. hepatica and F. gigantica causes

Answer 98

Fascioliasis

Question 99

Echinococcus granulosus causes

Answer 99

Hydatid Disease

Question 100

Leishmania spp. causes

Answer 100

Leishmaniasis

Question 101

S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. mansoni causes

Answer 101

Schistosomiasis

Question 102

Trichinella spiralis causes

Answer 102

Trichinosis