General Parasitology - LEC 2 Flashcards by Mark James Mateo

multicellular, bilaterally symmetrical, elongated, flat or round organisms

Helminths

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2 phyla of helminths that parasitize humans

Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Nematoda

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Helminths are ______ in size and often visible to naked eyes

macroscopic

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Nematodes’ larvae (3)

Rhabditiform
Filariform
Microfilaria

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Cestode’s larvae (7)

Cysticercus
Cysticercoid
Coenurus
Coracidium
Procercoid
Plerocercoid
Hydatid cyst

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Trematode’s larvae (5)

Miracidium
Sporocyst
Redia
Cercaria
Metacercaria

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reside in lymphatic system or in the blood

Microfilaria

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Parasite that has microfilaria larva, it is a blood and tissue parasite

Wuchureria bancrofti

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They complete their life cycle in one host

Nematodes

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Nematodes that require 2 hosts (man and insect vector/cyclops)

filarial nematodes and Dracunculus medinensis

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They complete their life cycle in 2 different hosts

Cestodes

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Cestodes that doesn’t require 2 hosts to complete their life cycle

Hymenolepis nana

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For most cestodes, man is the

definitive host

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Identify the cestode parasite that make MAN AS ITS INTERMEDIATE HOST

Echinococcus granulosus

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cestode parasite: the man serves as both definitive and intermediate host

Taenia solium

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They complete their life cycle in 1 definitive host (man) and 2 intermediate hosts (freshwater snail, fish/crab)

Trematodes

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Ascaris lumbricoides infective stage in humans

embryonated egg with L3 larva

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where does soil transmitted helminths embryonate?

soil

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diagnostic stages of A. lumbricoides

fertilized eggs/ovum and adult worms in small intestine

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Class cestoda is divided into two orders

Cyclophyllidea
Pseudophyllidea

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class cestoda that needs water to embryonate eggs

Pseudophyllideans

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class cestoda that needs soil to embryonate eggs “terrestrial”

Cyclophyllideans

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class cestoda that contained in bladder/cyst, fluid-filled (bladder larva)

Cyclophyllideans

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class cestoda that is not contained in cysts

Pseudophyllideans

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[cyclo] Larva in Taenia multiceps

Coenerus

Larva in Taenia saginata and T. solium

Cysticercus

Larva in Hymenolepis spp.

Cysticercoid

[cyclo] T. solium and saginata eggs/ova when consumed affects the brain of humans. The disease caused by the said spp is called______

Cysticercosis

Pseudophyllideans L1 larva (ciliated with hooks)

Coracidium

Pseudophyllideans L2 larva (with cercomere, 3 pairs of hooklets)

Procercoid

Pseudophyllideans L3 larva (

Plerocercoid/sparganum

Disease cause by the ingestion of Plerocercoid/sparganum or the L3 larva of Pseudophyllideans.

Sparganosis disease

Trematodes' intermediate host

snails (gastropods)

Earliest larva of trematodes

miracidium larva

Infective stage of 1st intermediate host (snail)

Miracidium

Infective stage of 2nd intermediate host (cow,sheep)

Cercaria

encysted stage of a fluke in its final intermediate host (definitive host)

Metacercaria

Miracidia is developed inside the nail through stages of what

mother sporocyst-daughter sporocyst redia (I) - redia (2) hanggang maging cercariae

Trematodes require water to embryonate. T or F

True

If schistosoma spp na trematodes, wala siyang stage na ______

redia larva stage

Basta tandaan ang trematodes may primary and secondary host

sige po

Worms (nematodes) na may plug sa structure

Adenophorea

Nematodes naman na walang plug (round kasi)

Secernentea

Adenophorea's larval stage infective to definitive (final host)

First larval stage (trichinella) Embryonated egg (trichuris)

Difference of Adenophorea and Secernentea in terms of EXCRETORY SYSTEM

adeno-without lateral canals secer-with lateral canals

Difference of Adenophorea and Secernentea in terms of CAUDAL PAPPILAE

Absent or onti lang sa Adeno tapos sa secer madami (numerous)

Secernentea's larval stage infective to definitive host

Third larval stage/embryonated egg

Filarial hosts (3)

1 man DF 2 IH (snails, insects)

Dracunculus medinensis intermediate host

cyclops/waterflea/copepod

Sa E. granulosus, yung tao is intermediate host. Infected parin siya ng larva ng parasite. Kaya nga yung larva na cysticercoid nagcacause ng disease na____

Cysticercosis

Taeniasis, man is the definitive host.

TRUE

location where the eggs are laid.

Ovipositioning medium

Schistosoma spp are diecious because

they can reproduce their own eggs.

term for "bump" in adenophorea

Protusion

Disease caused by T. cati and T. canis

VLM (visceral larva migrans) OLM (ocular larva migrans)

crown like structure on a tapeworm (korona siya sis)

Rostellum

attachment of parasite to intestine

Sucker

If may spine/hooklets ang head ng parasite, tinatawag na ____

Armed scolex

If walang spine/hooklets ang head ng parasite, tinatawag na ____

Unarmed scolex

Toxocara spp have ___ number of sucker

four

Trematodes have ___ no. of sucker

what do you call the sucker of trematodes

oral sucker ventral sucker

Ventral sucker is called

Acetabulum

Nematodes shape

elongated, cylindrical, unsegmented

Cestodes shape

tape-like, segmented

Trematodes shape

Lead-like unsegmented

Nematodes, mas malaki babae kesa lalaki. diecious

omsim

Trematodes monoecious sila, except sa schistosoma spp. na mas malaki lalaki kesa babae (diecious)

opo

HEAD ng nematodes

No sucker No hooks Some spp have well-developed buccal capsule

HEAD ng cestodes

may sucker may hooks (often)

ALIMENTARY CANAL ng nematodes

complete may anteriorly terminal mouth and posteriorly subterminal anus

ALIMENTARY CANAL ng Cestodes

WALA HAHAHAH

ALIMENTARY CANAL ng Trematodes

Meron pero incomplete tapos wala siyang anus

Difference of nematodes, cestodes, trematodes in terms of BODY CAVITY

Nematodes - present Cestodes - absent Trematodes - absent

Nematodes Mode of Infection

✓ ingestion of eggs ✓ penetration of larvae thru surfaces ✓ arthropod vector ✓ ingestion of encysted larvae

Cestodes mode of infection

✓ infection by encysted larvae

Trematodes mode of infection

✓ infection, larval stages ✓ entering intestinal tract ✓ penetration thru skin

How helminths affect man?

✓Pathological lesions ✓ Malnutrition Clinical manifestations (acute,)chronic

exaggerated immune response of body against the parasite

Hypersensitivity reactions

dxs caused by malnourishment

Helminthiasis

Acute - kusang gumagaling

self-limiting disease

Chronic - fatal if left untreated e.g., Taeniasis (1year), malaria leishmania (leishmaniasis-altho protozoan na to)

Chronic dxs

Scientific term of head louse

Pediculus humanus capitis

Scientific term of body louse

Pediculus humanus corporis

General Parasitology - LEC 2 Flashcards

(84 cards)