General Pharmacology Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
What is ASA?
A
Aspirin
2
Q
What is Asprins classification?
A
Anticoagulant, Platelet Inhibitor
3
Q
Name 2 indications for Aspirin?
A
Chest pain of myocardial origin & prevent blood clot formation in arteries
4
Q
What are the 4 contraindications for Aspirin?
A
Allergic to aspirin or non-steroidal antinflammatory drugs NSAIDs, Bleeding disorder, GI bleed, ulcers
5
Q
How do you administer Aspirin?
A
4 (81mg) tablets chewed and swallowed
6
Q
What is the onset of Aspirin?
A
5-10 minutes
7
Q
What is the duration of Aspirin?
A
24 hours
8
Q
True or false: Aspirin is also recommended for kids.
A
False
9
Q
What are the 6 Rights?
A
Patient, Time, Drug, Dose, Route, Documentation
10
Q
What is a MDI?
A
Metered Dose Inhaler
11
Q
True or False. A MDI is an bronchodilator.
A
True
12
Q
What is the classification for a MDI?
A
Bronchodilator
13
Q
What are the Indications for a metered dose inhaler?
A
Bronchospasm caused by Acute Asthma, COPD, Bronchitis, Toxic gas inhalation, near drowning, OD, Pulmonary edema. Also Crush syndrome
14
Q
True or false: You can give/help someone use a MDI that is not prescribed to them.
A
False
15
Q
What are the contraindications for Bronchodilator Inhalers?
A
Maximum prescribed inhalation dose taken by patient & inhaler not prescribed for patient
16
Q
How do you administrate a MDI?
A
Take off the cap, shake vigorously,spray 1 time to check if it’s working, instruct patient to initiate 1 spray while simultaneously inhaling, hold for 3 sec then exhale
17
Q
What is the onset of Bronchodilator Inhalers?
A
Within 5 minutes
18
Q
What is the duration of a bronchodilator inhaler (MDI)?
A
4-6 hours
19
Q
What is Albuterol Sulfate?
A
The active ingredient in Bronchodilator Inhalers (MDI)
20
Q
What receptor does Albuterol Sulfate interact with?
A
Beta 2
21
Q
What is the classification of Epinephrine Hydrochloride?
A
Sympathomimetic Agent (catecholamine)
22
Q
What does Epinephrine do?
A
Dilates bronchioles and constricts blood vessels
23
Q
What are the indications for Epinephrine?
A
Anaphylaxis and severe asthma
24
Q
Are there any contraindications of a EpiPen?
A
None that are significant
25
How do you administer an EpiPen?
Take off the top, clean off injection area with a alcohol wipe, coach patient to apply Auto-injector (0.3mg) IM in the upper-outer thigh, throw the injector into a biohazard sharps container,wipe blood and apply band aid if needed. No repeat.
26
What is the onset of Epinephrine?
5-10 minutes
27
What is the duration of Epinephrine?
20 minutes
28
Can you inject a EpiPen into your buttocks?
No
29
True or false: Adrenaline is the same as a EpiPen.
True
30
What can cause Anaphylaxis?
Insect stings, bug bites, foods, drugs or other allergens
31
Is Naloxone and Narcan the same thing?
Yes
32
What is the classification for Narcan?
Opioid (Narcotic) Antagonist
33
What are the indications for Naloxone Hydrochloride?
Suspected narcotic overdose with a respiratory rate <12/minute and/or decreased tidal volume + altered mental status
34
What are the contraindications for Naloxone?
AMS with normal/increased respiration
35
How do you administer Naloxone?
2mg IN via atomizer (1mg in each nostril) No repeat administration
or 2mg IM via auto-injector in the upper outer thigh.
36
What is the onset of Narcan?
Within 5-10 minutes
37
What is the duration of Narcan?
20-90 minutes
38
True or false: Naloxone does not reverse effects for drugs such as benzodiazepines, bath salts, cocaine, meth or alcohol.
True
39
True or False: Narcan reverses the effects of Xanax.
False
40
After Narcan administration, how long does the acute withdrawal symptoms take to subside?
2 hours
41
What is the classification of Nitroglycerin?
Vasodilator
42
What does Nitroglycerin do?
Dilates blood vessels & coronary arteries, decreases the workload on the heart.
43
What are the indications of nitroglycerin?
Chest pain
44
What are the contraindications of Nitroglycerin?
Blood pressure below 100 systolic, patient has taken 3 doses or a dose less than 5 minutes, taken Viagra, Cialis, Levitra or similar medications within 48-72 hours, head injury, altered level of consciousness.
45
How do you administer Nitroglycerin?
1 (0.4mg) tablet SL or 1 spray (0.4mg) SL
46
What is the onset of Nitroglycerin?
1-3 minutes
47
When does Nitroglycerin peak?
5-10 minutes
48
What is the duration of Nitroglycerin?
30-60 minutes
49
Define Hypoxemia
Decreased oxygen level in arterial blood
50
What are symptoms of asthma?
Shortness of breath, wheezing, coughing, distressed breathing, and difficulty speaking.
51
How does Naloxone work?
It binds to opioid receptors and blocks the receptors preventing the body from responding to opiates and endorphins. Reverses depression of the CNS and respiratory system. Also reversed hypotension in narcotic overdose.
52
What does DICE
Drug name, Intergrity, Clarity, Expiration date
53
What are some neurological side effects of aspirin?
Tinnitus
54
What are some Respiratory side effects of aspirin?
May exacerbate asthma
55
What are some gastrointestinal side effects of aspirin?
GI bleeding, nausea, abdominal pain
56
What are some cardiovascular side effects of bronchodilator inhaler?
Tachycardia and hypertension
57
What are some respiratory side effects of bronchodilator inhaler?
Cough & wheezing
58
What are some neurological side effects of bronchodilator inhaler?
Trembling, nervousness, headaches
59
What are some gastrointestinal side effects of bronchodilator inhaler?
Nausea
60
What are some cardiovascular side effects of epinephrine hydrochloride?
Tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain, ventricular fibrillation
61
What is the Respiratory side effect of epinephrine hydrochloride?
Difficulty breathing
62
What is the gastrointestinal side effect of epinephrine hydrochloride?
Nausea/vomitting
63
What are some neurological side effects of epinephrine hydrochloride?
Seizure, cerebral hemorrhage, headache, tremors, dizziness, anxiety
64
What are the cardiovascular side effects of Naloxone Hydrochloride?
Tachycardia/bradycardia, hypertension/hypotension, sudden chest pain, dysthymia
65
What are the respiratory side effects of Naloxone Hydrochloride?
Respiratory depression & pulmonary edema
66
What are the neurological side effects of Naloxone Hydrochloride?
Seizure, headache, irritability/anxiety, tinnitus
67
What are the gastrointestinal side effects of Naloxone Hydrochloride?
Nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain
68
What are the cardiovascular side effects of Nitroglycerin?
Hypertension, bradycardia, reflex tachycardia, rebound hypertension
69
What are the gastrointestinal side effects of Nitroglycerin?
Dry mouth, nausea/vomiting
70
What are the neurological side effects of Nitroglycerin?
Throbbing headache, dizziness/faintness, confusion, blurred vision.
71
What are the general side effects of Nitroglycerin?
Flushed skin, sublingual burning
72
What does SL mean?
Sublingually- medication administered under the tongue
73
True or false: I should shake the nitroglycerin container before administering.
False
74
What are the indications of oral glucose/paste?
Altered mental status, Hx of diabetes, blood glucose <60mg/dL, ability to swallow
75
What are the contraindications of oral glucose/paste?
Unresponsive, unable to swallow, blood glucose >60mg/dL
76
What is the dosage of Oral Glucose Paste/Gel?
One tube
77
The patients blood glucose level has to be below what number in order to be classified as Hypoglycemic?
60mg/dL
78
What is insulin?
A hormone that is produced by specialized cells in the pancreas called islets of Langerhans
79
D.I.C.E
Drug, Integrity, clarity, expiration
80
D.D.I.C.C
Dose, Duration, Indication, contraindications, classification
81
Name 3 Brand names of Naloxone
Narcan, Nalone and Evzio
82
A.V.P.U
Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive
83
Route of administration: SL
Sublingual
84
Route of administration: PO
By mouth
85
Route of administration: IN
Intranasal
86
Route of administration: IM
Intramuscular- injection into the muscle
87
Define polypharmacy
Use of multiple medications by the same patient
88
Name 7 indications for immediate high-flow O2
Respiratory Arrest, Cardiac arrest, shock, anaphylaxis, traumatic brain injury, carbon monoxide poisoning, suspected pneumothorax
89
Define agonist
A medication that causes stimulation of receptors
90
Define Antagonist
A medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications
91
Define Antipyretic
Reduces fever
92
Define analgesic
Reduces pain
93
Define contraindications
Conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help or may harm the patient.
94
What does a sympathomimetic do to the body?
Increases blood pressure & heart rate and causes bronchial dilation to bring more oxygen to the tissues
95
What is NTG?
Nitroglycerin
96
Route of administration: PO
Per os- through the mouth, same as oral
97
Route of administration: Transdermal
Transcutaneous- through the skin
98
Route of administration: IV
Intravenous injection- directly into the vein
99
Route of administration: IO
An injection into the bone
100
What does MOA stand for?
Mechanism of action
101
What does SVN stand for?
Small volume nebulizers
102
True or false: Nitroglycerin causes a mild headache and/or burning under the tongue after administration.
True
103
Route of administration: PR
Per Rectum
104
True or false: OTC drugs must be prescribed by a physician
False
105
True or false: EMTs should ask about any herbal remedies or vitamins that the patient may be taking
True
106
Which route of medication administration has the fastest effect?
Intravenous
107
What 2 vital signs should you obtain before administering nitroglycerin?
Blood pressure (BP) & pulse
108
What is the MOA for albuterol?
Albuterol is a beta-2 agonist that causes bronchodialation
109
Define tachyphylaxis
This occurs when multiple doses of the same medication in a short time frame builds tolerance
110
53 BASH
1 tablet or spray SL no less than 5 minutes apart. No more than 3 doses a day.
B-Blood pressure <100 systolic
A-Altered mental status
S-Sexual enhancement drug within the past 48-72 hours
H-Head trauma
111
# signs & symptoms
Hyperglycemia
* urinating large amounts
* excessive thirst
* Cheyne-Stokes breathing
* frequent hunger
* dry mouth
* feeling tired
* decreased LOC
## Footnote
takes hours-days to develop
112
# signs and symptoms
Hypoglycemia
* Shakiness
* Kussmaul breathing
* AMS
* Pale
* dizziness or lightheadedness
* sweating
* rapid heartbeat
* hunger
* rapid breathing
## Footnote
can develop in seconds-minutes
113
What is the normal blood sugar level?
70-120
114
A patient was prescribed alprazolam (Xanax) for his anxiety. In this case, anxiety would be a(n):
Indication
115
The unintended effects that occur after the patient takes his medications are called?
Side Effects
