General, urotech

Question 1

what is Frailty Index

Answer 1

5 things

Question 2

what is GFR, and difference from CrCl

Answer 2

BSA

Question 3

what is creatinine

Answer 3

113D

Question 4

what is cystatin C

Answer 4

13kD

Question 5

what is contrast nephropathy

Answer 5

Kdigo

3 components

Question 6

risk factors for contrast nephropathy

Answer 6

patient and surgeon factors

Question 7

how to prevent contrast nephropathy

Answer 7

.

Question 8

what is NSF

Answer 8

mechanism

Question 9

how to classify GBCM

Answer 9

ACR

Question 10

dipstix: WBC
mechanism and FP FN
color change

Answer 10

purple

Question 11

dipstix nitrite
mechanism FP FN
color change

Answer 11

pink

Griess reaction

Question 12

what is RECIST

what is the latest version

Answer 12

1.1

4 categories

Question 13

methylene blue : name cautions

can u use in pregnancy?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

Indigo carmine : name a caution

Answer 14

anaphylaxis 1%

Question 15

Upper limit of RBC excretion per day __

Over 12y, __ of healthy soldiers had at least 1 occasion of microscopic hematuria.

Answer 15

1 million per day

40%

Question 16

dipstix : hemoglobin

mechanism FP FN

Answer 16

green

Question 17

what is microscopic hematuria?

5 red flags for nephrologic workup.

Answer 17

.

Question 18

name 3 causes for persistent microscopic hematuria after workup?

Answer 18

.

Question 19

what is Alport syndrome?
inheritance:
3 manifestations:

difference from Thin membrane disease

Answer 19

COL4A5 gene

Question 20

what is PSA

Answer 20

ch19
hK3
34kD

Question 21

Baseline intrarenal pressure: _

Pyelovenous backflow pressure: _

Answer 21

< 20cmH2O

40cmH2O

Question 22

what is ICG
T1/2 = ?
Washout = ?

Answer 22

NIR fluorescence
200sec
20min

Question 23

AML
sporadic in __%
sporadic growth rate = ?
TSC growth rate = ?

Answer 23

80%

0. 19cm/yr
1. 25cm/yr

Question 24

TSC
Classic triad (Vogt)

Answer 24

seizure, MR, facial angiofibroma

Question 25

AML | ___ % has calcification

Answer 25

NO

Question 26

AML | Specific molecular staining

Answer 26

HMB-45

Question 27

AML being symptomatic < 4cm > 4cm

Answer 27

23% | 82% (9% shock)

Question 28

AML - Embo Reintervention risk Need for surgery risk

Answer 28

30% | 13%

Question 29

what does EXIST-2 trial tell us?

Answer 29

58% AML response rate at 4y

Question 30

what is Lenk's triad (Wunderlich syndrome)

Answer 30

loin pain, palpable mass, shock

Question 31

what is adult buried penis syndrome? ABPS | Etiology = ?

Answer 31

partially / completely hidden below surface prepubic skin / scrotum obesity / lymphedema / post-circum

Question 32

Resting pressure of ureter

Answer 32

0 - 5cmH2O

Question 33

Type of pyeloplasty for: LP crossing vessel Long stricture High insertion

Answer 33

AH Culp Foley

Question 34

Most common sites of rupture of PC system (due to obstruction)

Answer 34

PUJ | Fornix

Question 35

what is ERAS?

Answer 35

multimodal periop care pathway maintain organ fx reduce stress response

Question 36

Cutting vs. coag Power Voltage

Answer 36

Cutting: high power, low voltage

Question 37

Color coding of rod lens in rigid cystosocpe 0 degree 30 70

Answer 37

0 green 30 red 70 yellow

Question 38

what is Paterson-Forrester stent? | what is Detour stent?

Answer 38

extra-anatomical temporary permanent

Question 39

composition of Terumo, Amplatz, Bentson, Sensor GWs | Core / coating / tip

Answer 39

nitinol / hydrophilic Stainless steel / PTFE Stainless steel / PTFE Nitinol / PTFE / hydrophilic

Question 40

what is the classification for disinfection of surgical instruments?

Answer 40

Spaulding classification non-critical semi-critical critical

Question 41

classification of hemostatic agents

Answer 41

mechanical | active

Question 42

``` what is = ? Gelfoam Surgicel Hemopatch Tachosil Tisseel ```

Answer 42

``` procine gelatin oxidized degenerated cellulose bovine-collagen human fibrinogen/thrombin on equine collagen sponge human fibrinogen/thrombin ```

Question 43

what is mass spectrometry?

Answer 43

analysis peptide mixture EM chamber M/e ratio

Question 44

what is FISH?

Answer 44

fluorescent-labelled DNA probes + | DNA specimen

Question 45

what is microarray?

Answer 45

multiple DNA probes on glass surface | fluorescent-labelled DNA specimen

Question 46

what is comparative genomic hybridization? CGH

Answer 46

microarray technique | label different specimen with different fluorochromes

Question 47

what is flow cytometry

Answer 47

measure properties of cells/particles

Question 48

what are the types of programmed cell death pathways?

Answer 48

type 1: apoptosis type 2: autophagy 3: necroptosis