Genes, Culture, and Gender Flashcards
(22 cards)
The evolutionary process by which heritable traits that best enable organisms to survive and reproduce in particular environments are passed to the next generation.
Organisms have many traits shaped by natural selection.
Natural Selection
The study of the evolution of cognition and behavior using principles of natural selection.
The study of the evolution of cognition and behavior using principles of natural selection.
The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.
Culture
A field of research exploring the expression of genes across different environments
Epigenetics
The diversity of our languages, customs and expression behavior confirms that much of our behavior society is socially programme
Cultural Diversity
Standards for accepted and expected behavior. Norms prescribe “proper” behavior.
In another sense, norms also describe what most others do—what is normal.
Norms
Cultures vary in how much they highlight individualism.
Rule Breaking
The buffer zone we like to maintain around our bodies.
Its size depends on our familiarity with whoever is near us.
Personal Space
People everywhere have some common norms.
Universal Friendship
Whenever people form status hierarchies, they also talk to higher-status people in a respectful way, similar to how they talk to strangers.
Universal Status Norms
The Universal Social Belief Dimensions are five core belief systems shared across cultures: Cynicism, Social Complexity, Reward for Application, Spirituality, and Fate Control. These beliefs shape attitudes, behaviors, and cultural similarities worldwide
Universal Social Belief Dimension
The best-known universal norm is the taboo against incest.
Parents are not to have sexual relations with their children, nor siblings with one another—this norm is universal.
The Incest Taboo
Individual men display a range of outlooks and behaviors, from fierce competitiveness to caring nurturance. So do individual women.
Independence Versus Connectedness
contend that women, more than men, give priority to close, intimate relationships (Chodorow, 1978, 1989; Gilligan, 1982; Gilligan et al., 1990; Miller, 1986).
Feminist psychologists
Girls often play in small groups and imitate relationships.
Boys’ play is often competitive or aggressive.
Play
As adults, women at least in individualistic cultures are more likely than men to describe themselves in rational terms, welcome help, experience relationship linked emotions, and be attuned to others relationship
Friendship
In general, women are more interested in job dealing with people (teachers and doctors) and men in jobs with things (truck driver, engineer) Dieckman et. al 2019
Vocations
Women spend about twice as much time caring for children than men (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2014).
Smiling
Women, more than men, express empathy for others enduring similar experiences (Watson et al., 1996).
Empathy
The vicarious experience of another’s feelings, putting oneself in another’s position.
Empathy
Across many studies, people perceive leaders as having more cultural masculine traits as being more confident, forceful, independent and outspoken
xperience of another’s feelings, putting oneself in another’s position.
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.
Aggression
