Genetic Abnormalities

Question 1

This cattle may carry the snorter dwarf gene, but more likely it carried the crooked-legged dwarfism gene

Answer 1

Comprest cattle

Question 2

Small in size and snorting noise while breathing

Answer 2

Snorter dwarfism

Question 3

Its long bones are shorter compared to regular cattle

Answer 3

Snorter dwarfism

Question 4

It has a small size due to dwarfism gene, but have crooked legs (usually the front legs)

Answer 4

Crooked-legged dwarfism

Question 5

Often result by mating 2 comprest animals together

Answer 5

Crooked-legged dwarfism

Question 6

Irish breed of cattle that are moderate in frame size and are raised for both meat and milk production

Answer 6

Dexter cattle

Question 7

Irish cattle breed that carries a lethal dwarf gene, and in heterozygous form, results in smaller framed cattle

Answer 7

Dexter cattle

Question 8

Lethal recessive dwarf gene that is carried in Dexter cattle

Answer 8

Bulldog dwarfism

Question 9

It die usually prior to birth and have “bulldog” face due to high forehead. Severely deformed body as well

Answer 9

Bulldog dwarfism

Question 10

Calves are born with a pronounced head due to water collecting on the brain

Answer 10

Hydrocephalus

Question 11

In what breed is hydrocephalus prevalent

Answer 11

Herefords

Question 12

What is Curly-calf syndrome formally called

Answer 12

Arthrogryposis multiplex

Question 13

In what breed is curly-calf syndrome commonly found

Answer 13

Angus and. Angus influenced cattle

Question 14

Caused by a reduced number of motorneurons in the spine

Answer 14

Curly-calf syndrome

Question 15

What segment of the spine is affected in Curly-calf syndrome

Answer 15

6th cervical (C6) to 2nd thoracic (T2)

Question 16

What deformities are coupled with curly-calf syndrome

Answer 16

Cleft palate
Misshapen spine
Tendon contractures
Cardiac deformities

Question 17

Causes a cleft palate and deformed legs

Answer 17

Palate-pastern syndrome

Question 18

What cattle breed is Palate-pastern syndrome commonly seen

Answer 18

Charolais cattle

Question 19

Calves are born alive, but usually die shortly after as they are unable to stand and have trouble sucking due to cleft palate

Answer 19

Palate-pastern syndrome

Question 20

Joints cannot move and are fixed. Similar to AM in Angus, but does not typically have a twisted spine

Answer 20

Palate-Pastern syndrome

Question 21

Non-lethal recessive trait that occurs in Angus and Angus influenced calves

Answer 21

Contractural Arachnodactyly /
Fawn Calf syndrome

Question 22

Another term for Contractural Arachnodactyly

Answer 22

Fawn Calf Syndrome

Question 23

Calves are born alive but typically have an arched backline and marked angle of the hind limbs that give the appearance of a newborn deer

Answer 23

Fawn Calf syndrome /
Contractural Arachnodactyly

Question 24

Affected calves also tend to have poor foot and leg conformation as adults

Answer 24

Fawn Calf syndrome /
Contractural Arachnodactyly

Question 25

What breed is Tibia Hemimelia syndrome often found

Answer 25

Shorthorn calves

Question 26

Herefords can trace Snorter Dwarfism back to ____

Answer 26

St. Louis Lad

Question 27

Severe deformities in newborn calves, particularly: Twisted or deformed rear legs Abdominal rupture because the pelvic fusion failed Reproductive deformities

Answer 27

Tibial Hemimelia Syndrome

Question 28

Trichosis

Answer 28

Hair

Question 29

Coupled with deformities that include cleft palate, misshapen spine, tendon contracture, and cardiac deformities

Answer 29

Curly-calf Syndrome

Question 30

Twisted neck

Answer 30

Torticollis

Question 31

In Angus also see stillbirth, severe scoliosis and torticollis, severe fixed contractures of all limbs, and malformed face

Answer 31

Curly-calf Syndrome

Question 32

Partial or complete absence of hair follicles, abnormal keratinocytes

Answer 32

Hypotrichosis

Question 33

Hypotrichosis is prevalent of what particular sex

Answer 33

Males

Question 34

Gene that stops the muscle development

Answer 34

Myostatin gene

Question 35

Breeds commonly affected by Double Muscling in Cattle

Answer 35

Belgium Blue Piedmontese

Question 36

Caused by an increase in the apparent and real number of myofibers

Answer 36

Double Muscling in Cattle

Question 37

Caused by mutations in the Myostatin gene which results in a non-functional myostatin and causes cells to multiply

Answer 37

Double Muscling in Cattle

Question 38

Animals that are homozygous for these mutations usually have so much extra muscle development that they have reproductive issues

Answer 38

Double Muscling in Cattle

Question 39

High potassium level in blood

Answer 39

Hyperkalemia

Question 40

Other term for Impressive Syndrome

Answer 40

Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

Question 41

Impressive Syndrome traces back to a mutation that occurred in a single ancestor, namely ___

Answer 41

American Quarter Horse stallion named Impressive

Question 42

This mutation influences SCN4A

Answer 42

Impressive Syndrome

Question 43

Results in a point mutation that causes a phenylalanine/leucine substitution in a key part of the voltage-dependent skeletal muscle sodium channel alpha subunit

Answer 43

Impressive Syndrome / Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

Question 44

Symptoms include muscle trembling, prolapse of the third eyelid, generalized weakness, weakness, in the hind end, complete collapse, abnormal whinny, and sometimes death in severe attacks

Answer 44

Impressive Syndrome / Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

Question 45

Increase in the size of muscle fiber

Answer 45

Hypertrophy

Question 46

Increase in the number of muscle cells

Answer 46

Hypertrophy

Question 47

Causes muscle hypertrophy in sheep, but does not manifest until 3-4 weeks after birth

Answer 47

Callipyge

Question 48

Callipyge does not manifest until ____ weeks after birth

Answer 48

3-4 weeks after birth

Question 49

Neuromuscular disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive

Answer 49

Porcine stress syndrome (PSS)

Question 50

Symptoms are triggered by environmental stressors and volatile anesthetics (ex: halothane)

Answer 50

Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)

Question 51

Symptoms exhibited during an episode include: muscle and tail tremors, labored and irregular breathing, blanching and reddening of the skin, rapid rise in body temperature, collapse, muscle rigidity, and death

Answer 51

Porcine Stress Syndrome (PSS)

Question 52

Causes a lack of collagen formation, where collagen is needed to bind the skin to the body

Answer 52

HERDA Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia

Question 53

Fatal, autosomal recessive disease found in Quarter and Paint Horses. Caused by a mutation found in the GED1 gene

Answer 53

Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency (GBED) in horses

Question 54

Stillbirths or abortion are common in mares carrying foals with this disease. Some foals may survive past birth and may appear healthy at first. Sudden death, deterioration of health, and/or muscle weakness occur along with other clinical signs

Answer 54

Glycogen Branching Enzyme Deficiency (GBED) in horses

Question 55

Foals that are FF are completely white, have a deformed rectum and inability to digest as well as absorb nutrients. Foals cannot defecate due to deformed rectum

Answer 55

Lethal White Foal Syndrome in Frame Overos

Question 56

Lethal abnormality, foals typically die within a day or two of birth

Answer 56

Lethal White Foal Syndrome in Frame Overos

Question 57

Where did Syndactyly originated (speculation)

Answer 57

Chianina breed

Question 58

The hooves of an affected animal are not split (one toe instead of two)

Answer 58

Syndactyly “Mulefootness”

Question 59

Formally called Ovine Hereditary Chondrodysplasia

Answer 59

Spider Lamb Syndrome

Question 60

Recessive, often lethal as many cannot stand or walk, newborn lambs cannot nurse. Some may survive depending on the severity of deformed legs

Answer 60

Spider Lamb Syndrome

Question 61

Structural abnormalities in afflicted lambs include facial defects, humped or twisted spines, abnormally long legs, bent and/or splayed legs, flattened ribs, and lack of muscle development

Answer 61

Spider Lamb Syndrome

Question 62

Chromosomal abnormality in SWINE - extra X and Y chromosomes

Answer 62

Aneuploidy

Question 63

Chromosomal abnormality in POULTRY - malformations, high embryonic mortality

Answer 63

Triploidy

Question 64

Chromosomal abnormality in SWINE - polyspermy, failure to extrude polar body - reduced litter

Answer 64

Polyploidy

Question 65

Individual derived from one zygote with 2 or more distinct genotype

Answer 65

Mosaicism

Question 66

Individual derived from 2 or more zygotes with 2 or more chromosomal types

Answer 66

Chimerism

Question 67

HERDA meaning

Answer 67

Hereditary Equine Regional Dermal Asthenia

Question 68

GBED meaning

Answer 68

Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency