Population Genetics Flashcards
(22 cards)
Study of genetic variation within a population
Population genetics
A freely interbreeding group of same species living in an area and produce fertile offspring
Population
All the alleles of all individuals in a population
Gene pool
A morphological, physiological, biochemical, or behavioral characteristic of an individual organism
Phenotype
The genetic constitution of an individual organism
Genotype
Formation of new species
Speciation
A site on a chromosome, or the gene that occupies the site
Locus
A nucleic acid sequence that encodes a product with a distinct function in the organism
Gene
A particular form of a gene
Allele
The relative proportion of a particular allele at a single locus in a population
Gene (allele) frequency
The relative proportion of a particular genotype in a population
Genotype frequency
If no change in allele frequencies from one generation to the next, the gene pool is considered _____
Static
_____ in a gene pool determine the genetic change for a population
Allele frequencies
Ensures limited change by chance alone (genetic drift)
Large population
Every individual has an equal opportunity of mating with another individual of the opposite sex
Random mating
Sudden heritable change in genetic material
Mutation
Movement of breeding animals from one population to another
Migration
Relative success in becoming a parent based on genotypes or phenotypes
Selection
Small populations have fluctuations in allele frequencies
Large population size
Immigrant can change the frequency of an allele by bringing in new alleles to a population
No migration
If alleles change from one to another, this will change the frequency of those alleles
No net mutations
If some individuals survive and reproduce at a higher rate than others, then their offspring will carry those genes and the frequency will change for the next generation
No natural selection
