Genetic Distinctiveness Flashcards
(18 cards)
homoplasy
character shared by a set of sp. but not present in their common ancestor
use of mitochondrial COI
use to barcode
what can phylogenetic tress find
sp-lvl distinctiveness + reciprocal mononphylies
issues with Cape Verde kite
genetic data found distinct Cape Verde kite was actually a black kite
assumptions for using phylogenies to find sp
neutral genetic loci obey mol clock assumptions, neutral theory, gene tress isn’t a sp tree, trees can be build using diff markers
3 main criteria for ESU
current geographic sepatio, neutral differentiation, locally adapted phenotypic traits
pros of using mtDNA to find ESU over FST
more objective than FST, fat method
cons of using mtDNA to find ESU over FST
slower process in larger pops, taxonomy + behaviour can affect divergence
examples of when not to use mtDNA
amphibians (too much mtDNA), sea lions (female philopatry), anthozoa (too little mtDNA)
case studies for using ESU
pygmy rabbit (find mol clock divergence), Florida anthers, seaside sparrow, Bangii cardinal fish
taxonomic mistakes in conception exmples
incorrect lumping: kemp rifle
Incorrect splitting: cape verde kites + dusky seaside
ESU
represent idea of replaceability in genetic variation
what can be used to define ESU
geographic distance, gen distance, reciprocal monophyly, local adaptation
balancing selection
when allies affect fitness but neither is always better than the other
examples of neg frequency depednance
pathogen arms race, sexual preference on rarer traits
selective sweep
where novel beneficial mutation increases its frequency + becomes fixed
pros of using SNPs
more efficient than sequencing entire genome, simpler bioinformatics, fewer missing data
