Intro

Question 1

what does mol ecolgy address

Answer 1

understanding genetic loss, define taxa for conservation, id cryptic sp., wildlife forensics, measuring fitnesss, creating pedigrees

Question 2

SNP

Answer 2

single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 3

what are rthe applications of mol ecology

Answer 3

pest management, epidemiology, forensics, fisherries, conservation, reisstance management, wildlife forensics

Question 4

metapop

Answer 4

small pops connected vi immigration/emmigration

Question 5

importance of genetic variation

Answer 5

confer resisliece to environmental distrubance, increae disease resisance, decrease extinction risk, evolvability

Question 6

long term implications for genetic variation anbility to change

Answer 6

emerging infectious disease, anthropogenic change, cliamte change, invasive sp.

Question 7

where does genetic diversity come from

Answer 7

mutation supply (driven by pop size + no. infected)

Question 8

locu

Answer 8

place on genom

Question 9

allele

Answer 9

variant at a paricular locus

Question 10

heterozygote

Answer 10

when an org has 2+ alleles at a particular base

Question 11

how to measure gen diversity using average heterzygosity

Answer 11

measure diff between lots of diff indivs

Question 12

what oes outbreeding high heterozyogtisty lead to

Answer 12

increased fitness

Question 13

MHC

Answer 13

major histocompatibility complex

Question 14

plymorphic loci

Answer 14

where there are >21 alleles at each locus + most frequcny alleles have <0.99

Question 15

examples where genetic variation is costly

Answer 15

deleterious alleles cause genetic diseases: SCL + CF

Question 16

other types of genetic variation

Answer 16

dulpication of genes to create further strength (eg in saliva + pesticide resistance0)

Question 17

crossing over

Answer 17

exchamge of genetic material between homologous chromosomes in meiosis - % of chromosomes are broken + reattatched on anther chromosome via recombination

Question 18

exon

Answer 18

coding region of DNA transcribed to the final mRNA mol

Question 19

founder effect

Answer 19

small pop effect where genes of few are inherited by a large no. descendants

Question 20

gene flow

Answer 20

gene transference from 1 pop to nother

Question 21

gene pool

Answer 21

all of the genes of indivs in a breeding pop

Question 22

genetic drift

Answer 22

random changes in gene frequencies resulting from chance

Question 23

heritability

Answer 23

% of phenotypic vairation attirbutable to genotypic variation

Question 24

homeotic

Answer 24

genes involved in regualtion of development (type of regulatory gene)

Question 25

homologous chromosomes

Answer 25

chromosomes that paired up during meiosis

Question 26

macroevolutino

Answer 26

major evolutionary changes in a pops gene pool

Question 27

micrevolution

Answer 27

changes in gener frequrencies from one gen to the next- accumulation of micrevlution can change macroevolutino

Question 28

species

Answer 28

natural pops of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring - members of one sp. are reprocutivly isolated from members of all other sp