Genetic Inheritance

Question 1

Gregor Mendel

Answer 1

1865
- traits are inherited by genes
- one gene is inherited by one parent
-trait doesn’t need to be visible to be passed on

Question 2

Mendels law, law of segregation

Answer 2

Each parent has two alleles, one is randomly passed down to the child during meiosis

Question 3

Mendels law, law of independent assortment

Answer 3

Alleles for different traits are passed independently

Question 4

Gene

Answer 4

Unit of heredity

Question 5

Allele

Answer 5

Alternative of a gene

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

Allele combination

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Obersvable traits

Question 8

Homozygous

Answer 8

Two of same allele

Question 9

Heterozygous

Answer 9

Two different alleles

Question 10

Dominant allele

Answer 10

Masks recessive allele in heterozygous individuals

Question 11

Autosomal dominant

Answer 11

Trait appears if one parent passes on trait/gene

Question 12

Autosomal recessive

Answer 12

Traut appears only if both parents pass it on

Question 13

Huntingtons disease (a. Dominant)

Answer 13

• cause: H mutant allele
• inheritance: if one parent has Hh (50% chance)

Question 14

Phenylketonuria (PKU- a. Recessive)

Answer 14

• cause: inability to metabolize phenylalkaline
• inheritance: both parents must be (Ff), child must inherit two recessive alleles (ff)

Question 15

Color blindness (sex linked, x linked recessive)

Answer 15

• skip a generation pattern: XcXc mom and XY dad will only have colorblind sons and carrier daughters

Question 16

Meiosis and genetic errors

Answer 16

• nondisjunctions: chromosomes don’t separate properly

Question 17

Down syndrome

Answer 17

• cause: extra copy of chromosome 21