Genetic Terms

Question 0

Autosome

Answer 0

Any eukaryotic chromosome other than a sex chromosome

Question 1

Allele

Answer 1

One of the alternative forms of a gene

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A complex structure in the nucleus of eukaryotes or in the nucleoid region of prokaryotes that carries DNA

Question 3

Dihybrid Cross

Answer 3

A cross or mating in which the parents differ in two independent traits

Question 4

Diploid

Answer 4

Having two sets of chromosomes (one from the mother and one from the father) in a sexual reproducing organism

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

The genetic material for all organisms except the RNA virus

Question 6

Dominant

Answer 6

Describes an allele that determines the phenotype when the genotype is heterozygous

Question 7

F1 Generation

Answer 7

The first generation of parents

Question 8

F2 Generation

Answer 8

The second generation of parents

Question 9

Gene

Answer 9

A unit of heredity consisting of a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA (or RNA in some viruses)

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

The genetic make-up (set of alleles) of an organism

Question 11

Haploid

Answer 11

The condition of having one set of genes and one set of chromosomes in a sexually reproducing organism

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Having two different alleles at a gene locus for a particular trait

Question 13

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 13

A pair of chromosomes with the same set of genes, each derived from one parent

Question 14

Locus (pl. loci)

Answer 14

The location of a gene in the DNA molecule

Question 15

Monohybrid Cross

Answer 15

A cross or mating in which the parents differ in a single trait

Question 16

Parent (P) Generation

Answer 16

Parental generation

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

The physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism that result from the interaction between genotype and the environment

Question 18

Recessive

Answer 18

Describes an allele that does not produce a characteristic effect when present with a dominant allele; the trait is expressed only under homozygous conditions

Question 19

Segregation

Answer 19

The separation of alleles or homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Question 20

Self Fertilization or Pollination

Answer 20

Fertilization between the sperm and the egg from the same flower

Question 21

Sex Chromosomes

Answer 21

The chromosomes that influences sex determination , e.g., XX and XY in humans

Question 22

Test Cross

Answer 22

Mating of a dominant-phenotype individual (who may be either heterozygous or homozygous) with a homozygous-recessive individual

Question 23

True-breeding

Answer 23

A genetic cross in which the same trait appears every time from homozygous parents