Section 3-People Flashcards
(59 cards)
Which two scientists, both working on animals of Asian and Australian origin in the East Indies, presented their independent findings on evolution to the Linnean Society of London in 1858?
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
Whose theory of inheritance contended that an individual inherits characteristics that its parents acquired during their lifetime?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
Who described the distribution and behavior of chromosomes during different stages of mitosis?
Walther Flemming
______ made the connection between meiosis , sexual reproduction, and genetic variation.
August Weismann
Who described crossing over during meiosis and suggested the role this step plays in genetic variability and natural selection?
August Weismann
Who conducted experiments to determine if acquired traits could be passed down to the following generation, and found that a somatic trait would not be transmitted?
August Weismann
Who proposed the germ-plasm theory of heredity?
August Weismann
Who first observed that allele frequency ratio will not change over generations in a non-evolving population?
Udny Yule
Who advanced the concept of the allele frequency ratio in his study of the human population and proposed that the ratio of allele frequency could change in any generation if that population was selected out of the gene pool for certain reasons?
William Castle
Whose theorem states that the allele frequencies in a population will not change generation after generation if equilibrium is reached?
G.H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg (Hardy-Weinberg theorem)
Who used statistical methods to quantify genetic variations within a population over time?
Ronald A. Fisher
Who, in their groundbreaking 1918 paper, introduced the concept of the inheritance of quantitative traits?
R.A. Fisher
Which one of the founders of the modern synthesis of evolution was also a proponent for eugenics?
R.A. Fisher
Who found that new plant species can arise through meiotic errors and polyploidy, forming the genetic basis of an alternative mode of speciation called sympatric speciation?
G. Ledyard Stebbins, Jr.
Which one of the founders of the modern synthesis of evolution authored “Genetics and the Origin of Species” and proposed that mutation is the original source of evolution by natural selection?
Theodosius Dobzhansky
Which scientist integrated biology into a unifying and coherent science with evolution as the common thread in all disciplines?
Ernst Mayr
Who proposed the “biological species concept”, which defined species as groups of organisms that are able to interbreed naturally to produce viable and fertile offspring of both sexes?
Ernst Mayr
Who authored “The Evolutionary Synthesis”?
Ernst Mayr
Which scientists are credited with being the driving forces behind the modern synthesis of evolution?
Fisher, Stebbins, Dobzhansky, and Mayr
Who studied the nuclear material nuclein from 1885-1901 and identified the four nitrogenous bases that make up the major part of DNA and the base unique to RNA?
Albrecht Kossel
Although their work was not recognized by the scientific community at the time, who was later awarded the Nobel Prize in 1910 for their seminal work in identifying the nitrogenous bases?
Albrecht Kossel
Who identified the monosaccharide deoxyribose as part of nucleic acid?
Phoebus Levene
In 1919, _______ concluded that DNA is a long chain polynucleotide made of individual mononucleotides with three major components: phosphate, sugar, and one of four nitrogenous bases?
Phoebus Levene
Who erroneously proposed the “tetranucleotide” hypothesis by postulating that DNA contains an equal proportion of the four nitrogenous bases?
Phoebus Levene
