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Flashcards in Section 1-People Deck (34)
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1
Q

Who proposed the concept that the male parent supplies a miniature individual which is transmitted by blood?

A

Aristotle

2
Q

In 1695, which well-respected scholar recorded drawings of a sperm sample that included a tiny man (homunculus) inside the sperm head?

A

Nicolaas Hartsoeker

3
Q

Who maintained that each organ in our body originates from an individual element called a “gemmule”?

A

Hippocrates

4
Q

Who is credited with being the first biologist to systematically study genetic crosses using tobacco plants?

A

Joseph Kolreuter

5
Q

Was a substitute teacher who failed his licensing exam then became an ordained minister in 1847.

A

Gregor Mendal

6
Q

Who deduced three principles by which heritable traits are transmitted?

A

Gregor Mendal

7
Q

Who published their pioneering work in an obscure local journal in 1866, hypothesizing a “heritable factor” later to be known as a gene?

A

Gregor Mendal

8
Q

What do Eduard Strasburger, Edouard van Beneden, and Walther Fleming have in common?

A

They were European scientists who perfected the technique of staining the nucleus and chromosomes.

9
Q

Who examined the distribution of chromosomes during cell division, coining the term mitosis?

A

Walther Flemming

10
Q

What do Carl Correns, Hugo de Vries, and Erich von Tscgermak have in common?

A

They each hybridized different plant species in an attempt to link the field of genetics to evolution.

11
Q

Which two scientists noticed that chromosomes in the nucleus segregated during meiosis in accordance with Mendal’s findings?

A

American scientist Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri from Germany

12
Q

In 1905, Which English embryologist coined the term “genetics” to describe the sub-discipline of biology that studies inheritance and genetic variation?

A

William Bateson

13
Q

Which two scientists discovered linked genes and epistasis?

A

William Bateson and Reginald Punnet

14
Q

Nettie Stevens and Edmund Wilson separately discovered what?

A

The differences in the chromosome makeup of females (XX) and males (XY)

15
Q

Who discovered sex-linked genes and that these genes do not follow Mendal’s law of independent assortment?

A

Edmund Wilson

16
Q

In 1902, British Physician________, noticed a defect in amino acid metabolism due to lack of an enzyme.

A

Archibald Garrod

17
Q

Who offered the first description of a genetic disease?

A

Archibald Garrod

18
Q

Studying mutation and the formation of new species, who reared millions of fruit flies to study the pattern of eye color inheritance?

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan

19
Q

Who created the first linkage map showing the location of genes on a chromosome and the likelihood that they will be inherited together?

A

Thomas Hunt Morgan’s student Alfred Sturtevant

20
Q

Using cell division in grasshopper testes, who showed the first cytological evidence that chromosomes are independently assorted following Mendal’s laws?

A

Estella Elinor Carothers

21
Q

Who published a paper in 1918 to reconcile unresolved ideas in Darwin’s evolution and Mendal’s genetic research?

A

R.A. Fisher

22
Q

Who was a pioneer in the use of statistical methods in scientific research?

A

R.A Fisher

23
Q

What do R.A Fisher, Sewall Wright, and J.B.S Haldane have in common?

A

They launched the era of the modern synthesis of the theory of evolution.

24
Q

Who was a proponent of eugenics and a strong advocate for improving the genetic composition of human populations for the purpose of achieving supremacy and purity among certain populations?

A

R.A Fisher

25
Q

Who offered the first major challenge to eugenics when they showed environmental influences on the genetics of the fruit fly?

A

Thomas Morgan

26
Q

Who is the father of taxonomy?

A

Carl von Linne or Carolus Linnaeus

27
Q

Who proposed that the natural world could be divided into three major kingdoms: Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral?

A

Linnaeus

28
Q

Who first discovered and named the cell when observing dried-up plant cells in common cork in 1665?

A

Robert Hooke

29
Q

Who was the first person to actually see live cells (taken from pond water) under the microscope?

A

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

30
Q

Who was the first to describe and name the nucleus in their presentation at the Linnean Society of London in 1831?

A

Scottish Botonist Robert Brown

31
Q

Who proposed that the nucleus played a role in cellular reproduction in 1838?

A

Matthias Schleiden

32
Q

Which three scientists developed the cell theory?

A

Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow, and Matthias Schleiden

33
Q

German Physician____________, was the first scientist to identify the bacterium anthrax and associate microorganisms with infectious diseases.

A

Robert Koch

34
Q

Which two scientists set up experiments to test the hypothesis that simple molecules can form organic molecules under the conditions that were present on early earth?

A

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey