Section 1-People Flashcards
(34 cards)
Who proposed the concept that the male parent supplies a miniature individual which is transmitted by blood?
Aristotle
In 1695, which well-respected scholar recorded drawings of a sperm sample that included a tiny man (homunculus) inside the sperm head?
Nicolaas Hartsoeker
Who maintained that each organ in our body originates from an individual element called a “gemmule”?
Hippocrates
Who is credited with being the first biologist to systematically study genetic crosses using tobacco plants?
Joseph Kolreuter
Was a substitute teacher who failed his licensing exam then became an ordained minister in 1847.
Gregor Mendal
Who deduced three principles by which heritable traits are transmitted?
Gregor Mendal
Who published their pioneering work in an obscure local journal in 1866, hypothesizing a “heritable factor” later to be known as a gene?
Gregor Mendal
What do Eduard Strasburger, Edouard van Beneden, and Walther Fleming have in common?
They were European scientists who perfected the technique of staining the nucleus and chromosomes.
Who examined the distribution of chromosomes during cell division, coining the term mitosis?
Walther Flemming
What do Carl Correns, Hugo de Vries, and Erich von Tscgermak have in common?
They each hybridized different plant species in an attempt to link the field of genetics to evolution.
Which two scientists noticed that chromosomes in the nucleus segregated during meiosis in accordance with Mendal’s findings?
American scientist Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri from Germany
In 1905, Which English embryologist coined the term “genetics” to describe the sub-discipline of biology that studies inheritance and genetic variation?
William Bateson
Which two scientists discovered linked genes and epistasis?
William Bateson and Reginald Punnet
Nettie Stevens and Edmund Wilson separately discovered what?
The differences in the chromosome makeup of females (XX) and males (XY)
Who discovered sex-linked genes and that these genes do not follow Mendal’s law of independent assortment?
Edmund Wilson
In 1902, British Physician________, noticed a defect in amino acid metabolism due to lack of an enzyme.
Archibald Garrod
Who offered the first description of a genetic disease?
Archibald Garrod
Studying mutation and the formation of new species, who reared millions of fruit flies to study the pattern of eye color inheritance?
Thomas Hunt Morgan
Who created the first linkage map showing the location of genes on a chromosome and the likelihood that they will be inherited together?
Thomas Hunt Morgan’s student Alfred Sturtevant
Using cell division in grasshopper testes, who showed the first cytological evidence that chromosomes are independently assorted following Mendal’s laws?
Estella Elinor Carothers
Who published a paper in 1918 to reconcile unresolved ideas in Darwin’s evolution and Mendal’s genetic research?
R.A. Fisher
Who was a pioneer in the use of statistical methods in scientific research?
R.A Fisher
What do R.A Fisher, Sewall Wright, and J.B.S Haldane have in common?
They launched the era of the modern synthesis of the theory of evolution.
Who was a proponent of eugenics and a strong advocate for improving the genetic composition of human populations for the purpose of achieving supremacy and purity among certain populations?
R.A Fisher
