Genetics

Question 1

What is heredity?

Answer 1

The passing of traits from parent to offpspring.

Question 2

What is genetics?

Answer 2

The study of heredity.

Question 3

How things get passed from one generation to the next is called what?

Answer 3

Genetics

Question 4

What is a trait?

Answer 4

Inherited characteristics that an organism has.

Question 5

Can traits have lots of variation?

Answer 5

Yes (eye color, hair color)

Question 6

Can traits only have a couple forms?

Answer 6

Yes (hairlines, earlobes, freckles, dimples)

Question 7

What was Gregor Mendel’s nickname?

Answer 7

Father of Modern Genetics

Question 8

Who was Gregor Mendel?

Answer 8

An Austrian Monk

Question 9

What did Gregor Mendel work with?

Answer 9

Pea plants

Question 10

What did Gregor Mendel do with his observations?

Answer 10

Made calculations based off of them

Question 11

Why did Gregor Mendel use pea plants for his experiments?

Answer 11

Because there’s only two possiblilites for each trait.

Question 12

What’s a dominant gene?

Answer 12

A gene that covers up or masks the other gene.

Question 13

When do dominant genes show up?

Answer 13

Always

Question 14

What’s a recessive gene?

Answer 14

A gene that gets covered up by the dominant gene.

Question 15

When do recessive genes show up?

Answer 15

Only when there are two copies.

Question 16

What’s are alleles?

Answer 16

Different forms of a gene.

Question 17

What are alleles represented with?

Answer 17

Capital and lowercase letters.

Question 18

What’s a genotype?

Answer 18

The genetic makeup of an organism.

Question 19

What are these examples of? TT, Pp, hh, Kk

Answer 19

Genotypes

Question 20

What’s a phenotype?

Answer 20

The observable trait of a gene.

Question 21

What are these examples of? Height, color

Answer 21

Phenotypes

Question 22

What determines what?

Answer 22

Genotypes determine phenotypes

Question 23

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 23

Different alleles, hybrid

Question 24

What genotype is this an example of? Rr

Answer 24

Heterozygous

Question 25

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 25

Same alleles, pure

Question 26

What genotype are these examples of? RR, rr

Answer 26

Homozygous

Question 27

What type of genotype is this? TT

Answer 27

Homozygous Dominant

Question 28

What type of genotype is this? Tt

Answer 28

Heterozygous

Question 29

What type of genotype is this? tt

Answer 29

Homozygous Recessive

Question 30

What is a Punnet Square?

Answer 30

A tool used to predict the genetic possibilities for offspring.

Question 31

Where do the parent's genotypes go on a Punnet Square?

Answer 31

One parent's genotypes go on the side and one parent's genotypes go on the top.

Question 32

What is incomplete dominance?

Answer 32

Heterozygous individuals have an in-between phenotype compared to the parents.

Question 33

What inheritance pattern is this an example of? Red*White=Pink

Answer 33

Incomplete Dominance

Question 34

What is codominance?

Answer 34

Heterozygous individuals have both phenotypes show up.

Question 35

What inheritance pattern is this an example of? Red*White=Red and White

Answer 35

Codominance

Question 36

What is polygenic inheritance?

Answer 36

Many genes work together to code for a trait.

Question 37

Polygenic inheritance has lots of what?

Answer 37

Phenotypes

Question 38

Eye color, hair color, skin color, and nose shape is an example of what inheritance pattern?

Answer 38

Polygenic Inheritance

Question 39

What is multiple alleles?

Answer 39

A trait is controlled by more than 2 alleles.

Question 40

What's an example of multiple alleles?

Answer 40

Blood types: A, B, O

Question 41

What can affect phenotypes?

Answer 41

The Environment

Question 42

What environmental factor can affect the color of hydrangea plants?

Answer 42

Acidity of the soil.

Question 43

What environmental factor can affect the color of butterflies?

Answer 43

Temperature during metamorphosis.

Question 44

What environmental factor can affect the coloration of Siamese cats?

Answer 44

Temperature of areas on the body.

Question 45

What environmental factor can affect the health of humans?

Answer 45

Diet and exercise.

Question 46

What and what factors affect phenotypes?

Answer 46

Genetic and environmental.

Question 47

Nature vs. Nurture is an example of what?

Answer 47

Environment affecting phenotypes.

Question 48

What's a pedigree?

Answer 48

A chart that shows how traits are passed through genetics.

Question 49

What's a carrier?

Answer 49

Heterozygous and can pass the gene on but doesn't show the trait.

Question 50

Is eye color, height, a zebra's stripes, and nose shape inherited or acquired?

Answer 50

Inherited

Question 51

Is knowing how to ride a bike, a bird's ability to fly, a scar on your forehead, the ability to sing well, and the ability to speak a language inherited or acquired?

Answer 51

Acquired

Question 52

What are epigenetics?

Answer 52

The study of how behavior and environment affect how genes work.

Question 53

What's complete dominance?

Answer 53

When one phenotype completely covers up the other.

Question 54

TT and tt are both considered what type of genotype?

Answer 54

Homozygous

Question 55

Which of the following is homozygous dominant? AA, Tt, Hh, rr

Answer 55

AA

Question 56

What does hetero mean in the word heterozygous?

Answer 56

Different

Question 57

In pea plants, purple flowers are dominant over white flowers. What is the genotype of a purple flower?

Answer 57

PP and Pp

Question 58

Which of the following is a phenotype? Blue eyes, BB, homozygous, or Bb

Answer 58

Blue eyes

Question 59

A pea plant with yellow seeds is crossed with a pea plant with green seeds. All of the offspring are yellow. What trait is recessive?

Answer 59

Green seeds

Question 60

Using the letter A, write the correct way to express a heterozygous genotype.

Answer 60

Aa

Question 61

Using the letter A, write the correct way to express a homozygous recessive genotype.

Answer 61

aa

Question 62

Why do genotypes consist of 2 alleles?

Answer 62

Because you get one from each parent.

Question 63

How many genes are needed to cause a trait?

Answer 63

2

Question 64

If an organism has two alleles that are the same, it is considered what?

Answer 64

Homozygous

Question 65

If a heterozygous person is crossed with a homozygous recessive person, what are the chances that they will have a child that is heterozygous?

Answer 65

50%

Question 66

Tongue rolling (R) is dominant over non-tongue rolling (r). What is the genotype of a homozygous recessive person? (assume complete dominance)

Answer 66

rr

Question 67

On a pedigree, what do squares represent?

Answer 67

Males

Question 68

If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) is crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb), what is the probability that an offspring will have black fur?

Answer 68

100%

Question 69

What's another term for heterozygous?

Answer 69

Hybrid

Question 70

What's another term for homozygous?

Answer 70

Purebred

Question 71

The study of how traits are inherited through the interaction of alleles is called what?

Answer 71

Genetics

Question 72

What does it mean if someone is a carrier for a disorder?

Answer 72

They have one allele for the trait, but do not show the phenotype. (Heterozygous for a recessive disorder)

Question 73

An organism that has two recessive or two dominant alleles is said to be what for that trait?

Answer 73

Homozygous

Question 74

Dad is colorblind and Mom is not. How is it possible that a daughter has colorblindness?

Answer 74

Mom is a carrier for colorblindness.

Question 75

Why do males get sex-linked disorders more often than females?

Answer 75

They have one X and one Y chromosome. If a gene is carried on one of those, there is no other chromosome to cover up the trait.

Question 76

The genotype for a female is what?

Answer 76

XX

Question 77

The genotype for a male is what?

Answer 77

XY