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Life Science > Natural Selection > Flashcards

Natural Selection Flashcards

1
Q

Natural selection is a combination of what two things?

A

Ecology and genetics.

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2
Q

Individuals in a population have what?

A

Genetic differences/genotypes

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3
Q

Genetic differences in a population lead to what?

A

Phenotype differences/slight physical differences.

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4
Q

Physical differences in a population lead to what?

A

Slight advantages/disadvantages.

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5
Q

Because of genetic diversity in a population, some individuals what?

A

Survive and reproduce better than others.

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6
Q

What are adaptations?

A

Inherited traits that help organisms survive in their environments.

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7
Q

What are the three types of adaptations?

A

Structural, behavioral, and functional.

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8
Q

What’s a structural adaptation?

A

Color, shape, or other physical features an organism has.

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9
Q

What’s a behavioral adaptation?

A

What an organism does or how it acts.

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10
Q

What’s a functional adaptation?

A

Internal body systems in an organism (physiological).

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11
Q

Besides adaptations, what determines how well an organism survives?

A

The environment/nature.

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12
Q

What is natural selection?

A

The idea that organisms that are better suited to the environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

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13
Q

What happened to the peppered moths during the Industrial Revolution?

A

In the regular unpolluted environment, the light moths did better and there were more of them. But when the trees were covered in smog, the dark moths did better and there were more of them. Then when the pollution cleared up, the light moths did better and there were more of them once again.

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14
Q

Would natural selection work if all members of the population were exactly the same?

A

No, because there wouldn’t be any traits for nature to select if all individuals had the same traits.

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15
Q

What is variation?

A

Slight differences in inherited traits.

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16
Q

What is evolution?

A

Change over time.

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17
Q

What is biological evolution?

A

Change in inherited characteristics over time. (gene pool)

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18
Q

How does biological evolution happen?

A

Natural selection.

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19
Q

Finish this sentence: _ evolve, not _ .

A

Populations, individuals.

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20
Q

Do individuals evolve?

A

No.

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21
Q

Do populations evolve?

A

Yes.

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22
Q

What did Charles Darwin do on his journey?

A

He traveled around the world including South America and the Galapagos Islands. He explored lots of land and logged lots of different things in his notebook about the different species he found. He also took specimens back with him.

23
Q

What did Charles Darwin notice?

A

There was lots of diversity even within the same species, like with the Galapagos tortoises.

24
Q

What are the 4 main parts of natural selection?

A

Reproduction (traits are inherited), variation, competition, and selection.

25
Q

What is fitness?

A

The ability to reproduce and pass on traits.

26
Q

If you have more offspring, you have a higher what?

A

Fitness.

27
Q

What are Darwin’s big ideas?

A

Living things descend from a common ancestor, which creates a branching on the tree of life.

28
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of organisms that have similar traits and are able to produce fertile offspring.

29
Q

What is speciation?

A

The formation of a new species.

30
Q

What does speciation create?

A

A new branch on the tree of life.

31
Q

What is a gene pool?

A

All of the genes (genetic info) of a population.

32
Q

More diversity leads to what in a population?

A

More stability.

33
Q

What is a genetic bottleneck?

A

An event that causes a reduction to population in size, reducing genetic diversity.

34
Q

What are fossils?

A

Remains or evidence of once living organisms.

35
Q

What are homologous structures?

A

Similar body parts with different functions.

36
Q

What’s an example of a homologous structure?

A

Human arms/horse legs/cat legs/bat wings/bird wings/whale flippers.

37
Q

What are vestigial structures?

A

Body parts that don’t serve a purpose anymore.

38
Q

What are vestigial structures also called?

A

Left-over parts.

39
Q

What are examples of vestigial structures?

A

Vestigial pelvic bones, tailbones, muscles that control goosebumps, gooey red parts of eyes, male nipples.

40
Q

What is embryology?

A

The study of early development.

41
Q

What is DNA used for concerning evolution?

A

Seeing if organisms share similar genes and telling relationships.

42
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

The process by which humans breed organisms for specific traits.

43
Q

What’s another name for artificial selection?

A

Selective breeding.

44
Q

What are examples of artificial selection?

A

Cows, horses, food, corn, and dogs.

45
Q

In artificial selection, the selected traits are controlled by who?

A

Humans.

46
Q

In artificial selection, who benefits from it?

A

Humans.

47
Q

Is artificial selection a quick or slow process?

A

Quick.

48
Q

In natural selection, the selected traits are controlled by who?

A

Nature.

49
Q

In natural selection, who benefits from it?

A

The species as a whole.

50
Q

Is natural selection a quick or slow process?

A

Slow.

51
Q

When does speciation happen?

A

When a species evolves enough to be considered as a new species compared to the original species. It’s also when the two species can’t produce fertile offspring.

52
Q

What are the types of evidence we have of evolution?

A

Fossils, Homologous Structures, Vestigial Structures, Embryology, and DNA.

53
Q

What makes up comparative anatomy?

A

Homologous structures, vestigial structures, and embryology.

Life Science (5 decks)

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