Genetics

Question 1

State the 4 amino acids b ase pairs in DNA

Answer 1

1. Adenine
2. Thymine
3. Cytosine
4. Guanine

A pairs with T
C pairs with G

Question 2

Define the term ‘Genetics’

Answer 2

‘The science of inheritance’
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The method used to pass characteristics from 1 generation to another

Question 3

Name the 4 characteristics that are passed genetically

Answer 3

1. Eyes
2. Coat colour
3. Blood group
4. Some diseases

Question 4

State the 2 basic characteristic-components that can be passed down via inheritance, that is controlled genetically in each individual

Answer 4

1. Enzymes
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2. Proteins

Question 5

What do chromosomes contain?

Answer 5

DNA

Question 6

How are genes arranged?

Answer 6

In long chains of tightly-coiled proteins, called Histones - which make up Chromosomes

Question 7

Where are chromosomes found in each individual cell of the body?

Answer 7

The nucleus

Question 8

What type of genetic material does DNA carry?

Answer 8

Hereditary material

Question 9

What synthesis does hereditary material help with?

Answer 9

Protein synthesis

Question 10

What type of instructions does DNA essentially provide the cell?

Answer 10

How to function

Question 11

Who recieves the hereditary information?

Answer 11

The Descendants

Question 12

Give the 2 terms (used in conjunction) that describe the DNA structure of Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Answer 12

Double Helix

(Ladder-like structure)

Question 13

How many Chromatids make up a Chromosome?

Answer 13

2 (A pair)

Question 14

True or False.

Each species does not have a characteistic number of chromosomes.

Answer 14

False.

Each species have different numbers of chromosomes.

Question 15

What is the term used to describe the total number of chromosomes?

Answer 15

Diploid

Question 16

What term is used to describe the total number of chromosomes after Meiosis?

Answer 16

Haploid

Question 17

What does ‘homologous’ mean?
(In reference to chromosomes)

Answer 17

Each pair of chromosomes (made up of 2 chromatids), are identical

Question 18

What is the exception to the rule, when it comes to homologous chromosomes, within the cell?
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What are these types of cells called?

Answer 18

Sex chromosomes!
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They may not always be homologous

Question 19

What is the term used to describe chromosomes that are not considered sex chromosomes?

Answer 19

Autosomes

Question 20

Name the total number of chromosomes present in a Human

Answer 20

46

Question 21

Name the number of chromosomes present in a Dog

Answer 21

78

Question 22

Name the number of chromosomes present in a Cat

Answer 22

38

Question 23

Name the number of chromosomes present in a Pig

Answer 23

38

Question 24

Name the number of chromosomes present in a Goat

Answer 24

60

Question 25

Name the number of chromosomes present in a Sheep

Answer 25

54

Question 26

Name the number of chromosomes present in a Cattle

Answer 26

60

Question 27

Name the number of chromosomes present in a Horse