AP Random mix

Question 1

What is an Exon?

Answer 1

The coding region of a gene

Question 2

What is an Intron?

Answer 2

The non-coding regions between exons

Question 3

State what is meant be ‘regulatory sequences’

Answer 3

This involves determining when, where + how much protein is made

Question 4

Define the term inbreeding

Answer 4

Mating 1st degree relatives
i.e. mother + son

Question 5

Define line breeding

Answer 5

Breeding between closely related individuals

Question 6

What is meant by X-linked inheritance?

Answer 6

The inheritance of characteristics, determined by the genes present on the X chromosome

Question 7

What is a protein?

Answer 7

A large molecule, comprimising of one or more chains of amino acids

Question 8

Define the term polymorphism

Answer 8

The presence of more than one form of specific regions of DNA (alleles) within a species population

Question 9

Define recessive inheritance

Answer 9

Describes the relationships between alleles of one gene
+
which the effect on the phenotype of one allele is masked by another allele - at the same locus

Question 10

When are recessive mutations expressed?

Answer 10

When there are 2 copies of the mutation

Question 11

Define anorexia

Answer 11

Not eating

Question 12

Define pica

Answer 12

the craving of unnatural ‘foodstuffs’

Question 13

What are black faeces called?

Answer 13

Melaena

Question 14

What is blood in urine called?

Answer 14

Haematuria

Question 15

What does total lung capacity mean?

Answer 15

The total volume of air in the lungs

Question 16

What does Tidal volume mean?

Answer 16

The volume of ir breathed in or out in one normal breath

Question 17

What does functional residual volume mean?

Answer 17

The volume of air left in the lungs after one normal breath

Question 18

What does vital capacity mean?

Answer 18

The maximum volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs

Question 19

What does residual volume mean?

Answer 19

The volume of air left in the lungs after forced expiration

Question 20

What does Anatomical dead space mean?

Answer 20

The volume of air which does not reach the alveoli
+
This is equal to the volume of the trachea, bronchi + bronchiholes

Question 21

Name the 4 majoy body cavities?

Answer 21

1. Thorax/Thoracic
2. Abdomen/Abdominal
3. Pelvic
4. Mediastinum

Question 22

What are the 3 functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 22

1. Provides protection
   +
2. Absorption
   +
3. Secretion

Question 23

What are the 3 components which make up Connective tissue?

Answer 23

1. Fibroblasts
2. Fibres
3. Glycosaminoglycan matrix

Question 24

What are 2 examples of connective tissue?

Answer 24

1. Bone
2. Cartilage

Question 25

What are the 3 types of muscular tissue?

Answer 25

1. Skeletal 2. Smooth 3. Cardiac

Question 26

What is the function of muscle tissue?

Answer 26

To undergo contractions and relaxation, to aid with locomotion +/movement

Question 27

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Answer 27

Found in areas of difussion, like: Lining blood vessels + Alveoli of lungs + Glomerular capsule

Question 28

Describe the structure of simple squamous epithelium

Answer 28

It's the outer layer of cells + Made of a single sheet of very thin + delicate cells

Question 29

What is the shape of the skull called, of a Borzoi?

Answer 29

Dolciocephalic

Question 30

What is the shape of the skull called, of a Golden Retriever?

Answer 30

Mesocephalic

Question 31

Define the term 'crest'

Answer 31

A raised area of bone

Question 32

What is a tuberosity?

Answer 32

The area of the tubercle where tendons attach

Question 33

What is a sinus?

Answer 33

A narrow, hollow cavity

Question 34

What is a trochanter?

Answer 34

A prominent are of the femur tha tlie behind the head of the femur

Question 35

What is flexion?

Answer 35

Term used to describe the bending of the limb, by decreasing the angle of the joint

Question 36

Define pronation

Answer 36

Turning the lower surface of the paw, upwards

Question 37

What is a splanchnic bone?

Answer 37

A bone that develop within the soft tissues + Example = Os penis

Question 38

What are the 3 membranes that. protect the CNS + retain CSF?

Answer 38

1. Dura mater 2. Arachnoid mater 3. Pia mater

Question 39

State the mnemonic for the 12 cranial nerves

Answer 39

Olfactory = **Old** Optic = **Opie** Oculomotor = **Ocassionally** Trochlear = **Tries** Trigeminal = **Trigonometry** Abducens = **And** Facial = **Feels** Vestibulo-cochlear = **Very** Glosso-pharyngeal = **Gloomy** Vagus = **Vague** Accessory = **And** Hypoglossal = **Hypoactive**

Question 40

State the mnemonic for the Sensory, Motor + Mixed (both) 12 cranial nerves

Answer 40

Sensory = **Some** Sensory = **Say** Motor = **Marry** Motor = **Money** Both = **But** Motor = **My** Both = **Brother** Sensory = **Says** Both = **Big** Both = **Brains** Motor = **Matter** Motor = **More**

Question 41

# Fun facts.. Approximately how many species of Amphibia are there?

Answer 41

3080

Question 42

# Fun facts.. Approximately how many species of Reptilia are there?

Answer 42

6600

Question 43

# Fun facts.. Approximately how many species of Aves are there?

Answer 43

8500

Question 44

# Fun facts.. Approximately how many species of Fish are there?

Answer 44

30,000

Question 45

# Fun facts.. Approximately how many species of Mammalia are there?

Answer 45

4070