Genetics Flashcards
What is Mendel’s first law?
Law of segregation
-The two alleles of a heritable character separate (segregate) during gamete formation and end up in different gametes
-Based on following one character at a time— monohybrid crossing
What is Mendel’s second law?
Law of Random Assortment
-Based on the following two characters at a time— dihybrid cross
-Each pair of alleles segregates independently of any other pair of alleles during game formation
What is a character?
a heritable feature that
varies (such as flower color)
what is a trait?
a variant of a character (purple or white for flower color)
what is true breeding?
plants that produce the same offspring with self-pollination
What is hybridization
mated two contrasting true-breeding varieties
P-generation is what
The true-breeding parents
The hybrid offspring of the P generation is called the
F1 generation
Alternative versions of genes account for variations in inherited character versions
alleles
Genotype is what
allele combination
Phenotype is what
expression or appearance
Dominant allele does what determines phenotype
-Determines phenotype, represented by a capital letter
(A, B, C, D)
Recessive allele
-Not noticeable effect on appearance, represented by a lowercase letter (a, b, c, d)
-Have to have 2 recessive alleles to have the recessive
phenotype
Heterozygous
two different alleles, one dominant, one recessive
Homozygous
two same alleles, both dominant or both recessive
