Meiosis Flashcards
Stages of meiosis
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase I
Telophase/Cytokinesis I
What is asexual reproduction?
a single individual passes off their genes
to its offspring without the fusion of gametes (without
fertilization)
What is sexual reproduction?
two parents give rise to offspring that
have unique combinations of genes inherited from the two
parents
– Occurs through meiosis to produce and gametes that then
fuse through fertilization
– Generates genetic diversity
What mainly occurs during meiosis?
The separation of homologous chromosomes and replicates chromosomes in haploids
What does a pair of homologous chromosomes contain
one chromosome from each parent
What is karyotyping
This is the way an individual’s chromosomes are organized
What is fertilization responsible for
It is the union of gametes
What are fertilized eggs called?
zygote
What does prophase I do
pairing of homologous chromosomes + crossing
over
What does anaphase do
pairs of homologous chromosomes are separated,
sister chromatids remain attached
What does metaphase I do
chromosome pairs line up at the metaphase plate,
microtubules attach at kinetochores
What does telophase I do
each cell has a haploid set but two
sister chromatid copies
What is crossing over?
Homologous chromosomes physically connect and exchange genetic information
What is independent assortment?
whether a daughter cell receives a maternal or paternal chromosome pair is random (independent)
what is Random Fertilization?
which egg and which sperm combine allows for a lot of genetic variation in offspring
