Genetics

Question 1

Chromatin

Answer 1

A long thin strand of DNA

Question 2

Chromosome

Answer 2

A short, coiled strand of DNA

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

A sequence of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a trait

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

Different forms of a gene

Question 5

Genotype

Answer 5

Genetic makeup of an organism

Question 6

Phenotype

Answer 6

The traits you have because of the genes you have.

Question 7

Heredity

Answer 7

The transfer of traits from parent to offspring

Question 8

Inheritance

Answer 8

The receiving of traits by the offspring

Question 9

Mutation

Answer 9

Change in DNA that may result in a new phenotype.

Question 10

Germ cell mutation

Answer 10

Occurs in the gametes. It does not affect the organism but is passed to the offspring.

Question 11

Somatic cell mutation

Answer 11

Occurs in the body cells. Passed to daughter cells by mitosis

Question 12

Chromosome mutations

Answer 12

Affected in the chromosomes

Question 13

Deletion

Answer 13

A piece of the chromosome is deleted

Question 14

Inversion

Answer 14

A section of chromosomes breaks off and re-attaches in the opposite direction.

Question 15

Translocation

Answer 15

A section breaks from one chromosome and attached to another.

Question 16

Nondisjunction

Answer 16

When chromosomes pairs fail to separate during meiosis

Question 17

Monosomy

Answer 17

When a zygote has only 1 chromosome of a particular pair

Question 18

Turner syndrome

Answer 18

It is caused by monosomy

Question 19

Trisomy

Answer 19

When a zygote has 3 of a particular chromosome

Question 20

Down syndrome

Answer 20

It is cause by trisomy

Question 21

Kleinfelter syndrome

Answer 21

It is cause by trisomy

Question 22

Gene mutation

Answer 22

It may involve a single nitrogen base or a larger segment of a gene

Question 23

Polyploidy

Answer 23

When a chromosome has an extra set of chromosomes in its cell.

Question 24

Frame shift mutations

Answer 24

Point mutation in which a nitrogen base is added or deleted.

Question 25

Point mutation

Answer 25

The substitution addition or deletion of a single nitrogen base from a codon

Question 26

Mutagens

Answer 26

Environmental factors that damage DNA.

Question 27

What is an example of a mutagen.

Answer 27

1) sunlight 2) radiation 3) some viruses

Question 28

Sex chromosomes

Answer 28

Chromosomes that determine an individual's gender.

Question 29

Autosomes

Answer 29

All the chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes.

Question 30

Sex linked trait

Answer 30

A trait determined by genes found on the X chromosome.

Question 31

Linkage group

Answer 31

All the genes located on one chromosome.

Question 32

Crossing over

Answer 32

Homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during meiosis

Question 33

Chromosome map

Answer 33

Diagram of alleles position on a chromosome

Question 34

Map unit

Answer 34

Distance between alleles on a chromosome

Question 35

Pedigree

Answer 35

A chart that shows how a trait is inherited over several generations in a family.

Question 36

Multiple allele trait

Answer 36

A gene with more than 2 alleles

Question 37

Photosynthesis

Answer 37

NRG(light) + H2O + CO2 >>> O2 + CHO

Question 38

Cellular respiration

Answer 38

CHO + O2 >> CO2 + H2O + ATP(light)

Question 39

Karyotype

Answer 39

Chromosomes are photographed, cut out of the photograph and grouped in pairs

Question 40

Polygenic trait

Answer 40

Traits controlled by 2 or more genes

Question 41

DNA replication

Answer 41

Making more DNA

Question 42

RNA transcription

Answer 42

Making more RNA

Question 43

Mitochondria

Answer 43

Used food and O2 to make ATP through cellular respiration

Question 44

Ribsomes

Answer 44

Produces proteins

Question 45

Cell membrane

Answer 45

Controls what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 46

Ames test

Answer 46

a test to determine the mutagenic activity of chemicals by observing whether they cause mutations in sample bacteria.

Question 47

What is mitosis

Answer 47

Division of the nucleus that results in somatic cells

Question 48

What is PMAT?

Answer 48

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 49

What happens during prophase?

Answer 49

Chromatin becomes chromosome Nuclear envelop and nucleolus break down  ­ Centrioles separate to the poles and spindle  fibers form

Question 50

What happens during metaphase?

Answer 50

Chromosomes line up in the middle | of the cell 

Question 51

What happens during anaphase ?

Answer 51

Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell 

Question 52

What happens during telophase?

Answer 52

Chromosomes go back to chromatin. Nuclear envelop and nucleolus forms. Centrioles move form the poles and spindle  fibers breaks down 

Question 53

Duplication

Answer 53

An extra chromosome copy of a portion of a chromosome is produced