Genetics

Question 1

What is a gene?

Answer 1

a unit of inheritance, that corresponds to a characteristic, or as a segment of DNA that carries information, usually for making proteins

Question 2

Allelles

Answer 2

Variable forms of a single gene. Is responsible for a specific trait, or distinguishable feature of a characteristic. ex. white or purple flowers

Question 3

Homozygous

Answer 3

Two copies of same allele

Question 4

Heterozygous

Answer 4

Two different alleles for a gene

Question 5

genotype

Answer 5

genetic makeup

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

the actual appearance of the traits on the individual

Question 7

Separation of homologous pairs

Answer 7

In meiosis.

Question 8

Pedigree Analysis

Answer 8

to track history of how a genetic trait arose in an individual

Question 9

Punnett square

Answer 9

analysis to predict probability of a genetic trait arising in a future generation

Question 10

Karyotype

Answer 10

display of one’s chromosomes according to size and centromere position.

Question 11

Genome make up

Answer 11

more than 21,000 genes

Question 12

Anauplidy

Answer 12

An abnormal number of chromosomes

Question 13

nondisjunction

Answer 13

chromosomes fail to separate properly during meiosis I or II

Question 14

Trisomy 21

Answer 14

extra copy of chromosome 21. Resulting in Down Syndrome. Mild to severe physical and mental defects; high survival rates

Question 15

Translocation

Answer 15

Chromosomal abnormality in which there is a rearrangement of parts of different, non homologous chromosomes.

Question 16

Cytogenetic analysis

Answer 16

chromosomes are directly observed and analyzed for aneuploidies and translocations.

Question 17

amniocentesis

Answer 17

Done to determine if chromosomal abnormality is present in cells of a fetus. small amount of amniotic fluid removed with aid of ultrasonography.

Question 18

Mitogen

Answer 18

a chemical used once cells are collected to stimulate cells to undergo cell division

Question 19

Colchine

Answer 19

chemical added to cells in metaphase to freeze the mitotic spindles. used to create chromosome spread. They are stained in a dye that gives them their banding pattern

Question 20

Trisomy 13/ Platau Syndrome

Answer 20

severe nervous system, muscular, and organ defects; death usually occurs in infancy

Question 21

Trisomy 18/ Edwards Syndrome

Answer 21

mental and physical defects; death often in infancy

Question 22

Trisomy 21/ Down Syndrome

Answer 22

mild to severe physical and mental defects; high survival rates

Question 23

Monosomy X/ Turner Syndrome

Answer 23

all females; short stature; underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics; infertility

Question 24

XXY/ Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 24

all male; few detectable symptoms; reduced fertility

Question 25

Materials used to make onion root tip squash slide for identification of cells in mitosis

Answer 25

``` water bath at 60°C onion with root tip Feulgen stain 1 M HCl water 45% acetic acid ```