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Microbiology > Genetics > Flashcards

Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

Genetics

A

Study of heredity

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2
Q

Genome

A

the sum total of genetic material in DNA

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3
Q

Genome of cells

A

DNA

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4
Q

Genome of viruses

A

DNA or RNA, never both

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5
Q

Location of DNA in EU

A

Mitochondria and chloroplast

Chromosomes

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6
Q

Location of DNA in prokaryotic cells

A

Plasmids

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7
Q

Genes

A

the fundamental unit of hereditary responsible for a given trait

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8
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup found on chromosome

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9
Q

Phenotype

A

the observable traits of genotype

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10
Q

Phenotype

A

the observable traits of genotype

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11
Q

The basic unit of DNA structure

A

Nucleotide

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12
Q

Nitrogenous base

A

adenine(A), guanine(G), thymine(T), cytosine(C)

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13
Q

Nitrogenous base pairing

A

A+T G+C

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14
Q

The composition of DNA structure

A

5 carbon deoxyribose sugar
3 phosphate
nitrogenous base

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15
Q

Helicase

A

Unzipping the DNA helix

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16
Q

Primase

A

Synthesizing an RNA primer

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17
Q

DNA polymerase 3

A

Adding bases to new DNA chain, looking for mistakes

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18
Q

DNA polymerase 1

A

Removing RNA primers, replacing gaps between Okazaki fragments with correct nucleotides, replace mismatched bases

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19
Q

Ligase

A

final binding of nicks in DNA in synthesis and repair

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20
Q

Gyrase

A

supercoiling

21
Q

Transcription

A

Making RNA from DNA template

22
Q

Translation

A

mRNA gets translated into proteins to be used in cell

23
Q

Codon. UAG, AUU, GCU

A

codes for amino acids

24
Q

Types of RNA

A

mRNA, RNA primer, tRNA, rRNA

25
Q

RNA nitrogenous bases

A

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

26
Q

RNA nitrogenous pairing

A

U+A G+C

27
Q

RNA structure

A

3 phosphate
5 carbon sugar ribose
nitrogenous base

28
Q

mRNA will

A

codes for the sequence of amino acids in protein

29
Q

tRNA

A

Acts as a translator of the mRNA code into protein

30
Q

rRNA

A

forms the major part of ribosomes and participates in protein synthesis

31
Q

RNA Primer

A

will direct DNA polymerase where to go on the strand. primes DNA

32
Q

Anticodon

A

short sequence that compliments actual codon

33
Q

Sense codons

A

61

will code for amino acids

34
Q

How many and what are non-sense codons/ termination(stop) codons

A

3
signal to stop translations
UAA,UAG, UGA

35
Q

Signal Codons

A

AUG start up the translation and codes for mythenine

36
Q

Termination(STOP) codons

A

codons with no corresponding tRNA,

stops the process of translation

37
Q

Exons

A

Code for proteins

38
Q

Introns

A

Must be removed, do not code for proteins

39
Q

Mutation

A

Change in a sequence of DNA.

40
Q

Wild Type; Wild Strain

A

Natural and non-mutated strand

41
Q

Mutant Strain

A

The organism has been mutated

42
Q

Characteristics of the mutated strain

A

Changes in shape, genetic control mechanisms, and resistance to chemicals

43
Q

Spontaneous mutations

A

random change in DNA due to errors in the DNA replication process; unknown cause

44
Q

Induced mutation

A

mutations from exposure to know mutagens; physical or chemical agents

45
Q

How is DNA is exchanged in cell

A

Conjugation; Transformation; transduction

46
Q

Conjugation

A

two bacterial cells come together and exchange pieces of DNA

47
Q

Transformation

A

the cell has died and released DNA and that released DNA gets picked up by another cell

48
Q

Transformation

A

the cell has dies and released DNA and that released DNA gets picked up by another cell

49
Q

Transduction

A

Bacteriophage will carry DNA and inject its own into a cell

Microbiology (6 decks)

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