Genetics

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

Study of heredity

Question 2

Genome

Answer 2

the sum total of genetic material in DNA

Question 3

Genome of cells

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Genome of viruses

Answer 4

DNA or RNA, never both

Question 5

Location of DNA in EU

Answer 5

Mitochondria and chloroplast

Chromosomes

Question 6

Location of DNA in prokaryotic cells

Answer 6

Plasmids

Question 7

Genes

Answer 7

the fundamental unit of hereditary responsible for a given trait

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

The genetic makeup found on chromosome

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

the observable traits of genotype

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

the observable traits of genotype

Question 11

The basic unit of DNA structure

Answer 11

Nucleotide

Question 12

Nitrogenous base

Answer 12

adenine(A), guanine(G), thymine(T), cytosine(C)

Question 13

Nitrogenous base pairing

Answer 13

A+T G+C

Question 14

The composition of DNA structure

Answer 14

5 carbon deoxyribose sugar
3 phosphate
nitrogenous base

Question 15

Helicase

Answer 15

Unzipping the DNA helix

Question 16

Primase

Answer 16

Synthesizing an RNA primer

Question 17

DNA polymerase 3

Answer 17

Adding bases to new DNA chain, looking for mistakes

Question 18

DNA polymerase 1

Answer 18

Removing RNA primers, replacing gaps between Okazaki fragments with correct nucleotides, replace mismatched bases

Question 19

Ligase

Answer 19

final binding of nicks in DNA in synthesis and repair

Question 20

Gyrase

Answer 20

supercoiling

Question 21

Transcription

Answer 21

Making RNA from DNA template

Question 22

Translation

Answer 22

mRNA gets translated into proteins to be used in cell

Question 23

Codon. UAG, AUU, GCU

Answer 23

codes for amino acids

Question 24

Types of RNA

Answer 24

mRNA, RNA primer, tRNA, rRNA

Question 25

RNA nitrogenous bases

Answer 25

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

Question 26

RNA nitrogenous pairing

Answer 26

U+A G+C

Question 27

RNA structure

Answer 27

3 phosphate 5 carbon sugar ribose nitrogenous base

Question 28

mRNA will

Answer 28

codes for the sequence of amino acids in protein

Question 29

tRNA

Answer 29

Acts as a translator of the mRNA code into protein

Question 30

rRNA

Answer 30

forms the major part of ribosomes and participates in protein synthesis

Question 31

RNA Primer

Answer 31

will direct DNA polymerase where to go on the strand. primes DNA

Question 32

Anticodon

Answer 32

short sequence that compliments actual codon

Question 33

Sense codons

Answer 33

61 | will code for amino acids

Question 34

How many and what are non-sense codons/ termination(stop) codons

Answer 34

3 signal to stop translations UAA,UAG, UGA

Question 35

Signal Codons

Answer 35

AUG start up the translation and codes for mythenine

Question 36

Termination(STOP) codons

Answer 36

codons with no corresponding tRNA, | stops the process of translation

Question 37

Exons

Answer 37

Code for proteins

Question 38

Introns

Answer 38

Must be removed, do not code for proteins

Question 39

Mutation

Answer 39

Change in a sequence of DNA.

Question 40

Wild Type; Wild Strain

Answer 40

Natural and non-mutated strand

Question 41

Mutant Strain

Answer 41

The organism has been mutated

Question 42

Characteristics of the mutated strain

Answer 42

Changes in shape, genetic control mechanisms, and resistance to chemicals

Question 43

Spontaneous mutations

Answer 43

random change in DNA due to errors in the DNA replication process; unknown cause

Question 44

Induced mutation

Answer 44

mutations from exposure to know mutagens; physical or chemical agents

Question 45

How is DNA is exchanged in cell

Answer 45

Conjugation; Transformation; transduction

Question 46

Conjugation

Answer 46

two bacterial cells come together and exchange pieces of DNA

Question 47

Transformation

Answer 47

the cell has died and released DNA and that released DNA gets picked up by another cell

Question 48

Transformation

Answer 48

the cell has dies and released DNA and that released DNA gets picked up by another cell

Question 49

Transduction

Answer 49

Bacteriophage will carry DNA and inject its own into a cell