Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > Microbial Nutrition and Growth > Flashcards

Microbial Nutrition and Growth Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Essential Nutrients

A

any substance or nutrient the microbe must have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two categories of Essential Nutrients

A

Macronutrients and Micronutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Macronutrients; Carbon, Hydrogen, O2

A

Needed in large quantities and play a huge role in cell structure and metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Micronutrients or Trace Elements; Manganese, zinc, nickel

A

Needed in smaller quantities and play a role in enzyme function and maintaining protein structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Categorize nutrients basses on the carbon content

A

Organic molecule

Inorganic molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Inorganic molecule

A

is an atom or simple molecule that does not have carbon and hydrogen in them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Organic molecule

A

contain carbon and hydrogen in them and are products of living things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Example of Organic molecule `

A

simplest organic molecules to large polymers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Example of Inorganic molecule

A

metals and their salts, gasses, and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nutrition for microbes

A

Carbon and energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Organisms that use carbon source

A

Heterotroph- organic

Autotroph- C02

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Organisms that use an energy source

A

phototroph- from the sun

chemotroph- from chemical compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Photoautotroph

A

Sun and C02

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Photohetrotrophs

A

Sun and an organic compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chemoheterotroph definition

A

Metabolic conversion of nutrients and organic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

2 types of chemoautotrophs

A

chemoorganic autotrophs

lithoautotrophs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chemoorganic autotrophs

A

use organic compounds for energy and inorganic compounds for carbon source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lithoautotrophs

A

do not need the sun or organic nutrients only need inorganic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chemoheterotrophic microorganisms

A

Saprobes

parasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Saprobes

A

feed on organic detritus from dead organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Parasites

A

feed from the cells or tissues of live host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Majority of microbes causing human disease

A

chemoheterotroph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Essential nutrients

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate, sulfur.

CHONPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Environmental factors that influence microbes

A

temperature, pH, radiation, oxygen, osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
cardinal temperature define and the three ranges
range of temperature for the growth of a given microbe. Minimum temp Maximum temp Optimum temp
26
Minimum temp
the lowest temp that allows the growth and metabolism of microbes. Growth is slow and if the temperature falls below temp everything stops
27
Maximum temp
the highest temp that allows growth and metabolism of microbe if the temp goes higher the growth will stop and if it goes any higher enzymes and nucleic acid denature
28
Optimum temp
is temp between minimum and maximum and promotes the faster growth rate and metabolism
29
Psychrophiles
optimum temp is below 15 C and can grow at 0 C cannot grow above 20 C rare to be a danger to humans
30
Extreme psychrotrophs
grow slowly in the cold optimum growth is 15 to 30 C causes foodborne illness
31
Mesophiles
important in the medical field cause it can harm humans optimum is 20 to 40 C Human pathogens optima are 30 to 40 C
32
Staphylococcus aureus | Listeria monocytogenes
1. can grow optimally in body temp but also can survive and multiply in cold temp 2. will grow in temp as low as 1 C and 30 to 40 C. Grows in ice cream
33
Thermoduric | EX. are heat resistant endospore formers Bacillus and Clostridium
type of mesophile that can survive short exposure to high temps contaminants heated or pasteurized foods
34
Thermophile
Optimum temp is greater than 45 C | range 45 to 80 C
35
Extreme Thermophile
can withstand sterilization | optimum is 80 to 121 C
36
Aerobes(obligate) | fungi, bacteria, protozoa
uses O2 for growth and can process toxic by-products
37
Microaerophiles
needs small amounts of O2; regular levels of O2 harm them
38
Facultative anaerobe
will grow with or without O2 | if O2 is present in high amounts in a certain area microbe will grow more there
39
Anaerobe
will not grow in the presence of 02 | unable to process toxic by-products of O2
40
Aerotolerant anaerobe
do not use 02 but can survive in O2 | O2 presence will not enhance growth
41
Canpnophiles
grow best in high levels of CO2
42
Acidophiles(obligate)
live and grow in an acidic environment | pH 6 or lower
43
Alkaliphiles
live and grow in a base environment
44
Optimum pH range for microbes
pH 6 to 8
45
Osmophiles
live in high solute concentrations
46
Halophiles
Type of osmophiles that love high levels of salt
47
Obligate Halophiles
Need at least 9 % of salt to grow | 9% to 25% is optimum
48
Facultative halophiles
very resistant to salt even though they do not reside in high salt areas
49
Barophiles
live under pressures that range over 1000x regular pressure
50
Symbiosis
2 organisms living together in close partnership
51
Three types of symbiosis
Mutualisms Commensalism Parasitism
52
Mutualism
when both parties benefit and no harm is done
53
Commensalism
When the organism benefits but the host is not benefited or harmed
54
Parasitism
the organism feeds off the host and the host is harmed and not benefitted
55
Biofilms
communities of bacteria or other microbes that are attached to a surface and each other
56
What is a 'pioneer' colonizer
is the first bacteria/microbe to attach to s surface
57
Quorum sensing
interacting with other members of the same species and other species close by to monitor the size of the population
58
Binary Fission
how most bacteria grow from one cell to two
59
Steps of binary fission
1. parent cell enlarges 2. chromosomes duplicate and move to different sides 3. cell envelope pulls into the center of the cell 4. cell wall forms a complete spetum 5. now the cell divides into two daughter cells
60
Generation/doubling time
the time needed for a complete fission cycle, from one parent cell to two daughter cells
61
Generation
the period between an individuals birth and the time it produces offspring
62
Average generation time | Shortest generation time
30-60 min | 10-12 min
63
Growth curve
a predictable pattern of bacterial population growth in a closed system used to observe the population growth pattern
64
Stages of the growth curve
Lag phase- we do not see microbial growth but cells are metabolically alive Log/exponential phase- microbe will go through binary fission and microbe is less resistant to anti-microbial agents Stationary phase- cells begin to die off caused by decreased nutrients, changes in pH Death phase- more cells are dying than being created

Microbiology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions