Genetics and Society

Question 1

what are the 4 conditions that archibald garrod realized were inherited

Answer 1

alkaptonuria, albinism, cystinuria and pentosuria

Question 2

define autosomal inheritance

Answer 2

dominant and recessive traits that are coded for by genes on autosomes

Question 3

what are 2 examples of autosomal recessive inheritance

Answer 3

• cystic fibrosis
• phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 4

how many autosomes do humans have

Answer 4

44 (22 pairs)

Question 5

what does the first 3 represent in a true dihybrid cross ratio

Answer 5

have 1 dominant and 1 recessive

Question 6

what was the basis for many breakthroughs in genetics research

Answer 6

controlled breeding of plants and animals

Question 7

who coined the phrase “inborn errors in metabolism” and when

Answer 7

archibald garrod in 1902

Question 8

what does the second 3 represent in a true dihybrid cross ratio

Answer 8

have the other dominant and the other recessive

Question 9

what are some examples of autosomal dominant inheritance in humans (3)

Answer 9

• huntingtins
• polydactyly
• marfan syndrome

Question 10

define genetic screening

Answer 10

any of several methods of identifying people who are at risk of developing particular genetic conditions or of passing these conditions on to their children

Question 11

what is the ratio for a true dihybrid cross

Answer 11

9:3:3:1

Question 12

what are 2 examples of sex-linked traits in humans

Answer 12

hemophilia, colour-blindness

Question 13

whats the genotype of the parent when a recessive phenotype occurs in a child of parents who exhibit the dominant trait

Answer 13

the parents must be heterozygous for that trait

Question 14

whats a historic example of plant breeding

Answer 14

the breeding of corn by the native american people in south mexico

Question 15

whats a sign that the trait is autosomal dominant in a pedigree (2)

Answer 15

• at least on of the parents has to have the trait for the offspring to have it
• the trait won’t skip generations

Question 16

who originated the feild of genetics

Answer 16

Gregor Mendel

Question 18

what does the 1 represent in a true dihybrid cross ratio

Answer 18

has both recessive traits

Question 19

what is a sign that it’s a sex-linked trait in a pedigree

Answer 19

the trait will affect individuals of mostly the same gender (often males)

Question 20

what does the 9 represent in a true dihybrid cross ratio

Answer 20

2 dominant traits

Question 21

what accounts for why actual results dont match results predicted in a punnett square

Answer 21

random fertilization

Question 22

what is a modern example of selective breeding

Answer 22

canola

Question 23

how do geneticists collect information about human genetics

Answer 23

they can’t use a controlled breeding approach so they collect as much information about a family’s history as they to learn about the inheritance of a trait

Question 24

why are animals selectively bred

Answer 24

to produce favourable characteristics

Question 25

define pedigree

Answer 25

a type of flowchart that uses symbols to show the patterns of relationships and traits in a family over many generations

Question 26

how do you tell its an autosomal trait in a pedigree

Answer 26

the number of males and females affected is roughly equal

Question 27

define genetic marker

Answer 27

a characteristic that provides information about the genotype of an individual

Question 28

what does it mean when something is "wild-type"

Answer 28

naturally occuring colouring

Question 29

what are the genotypes to make a true dihybrid cross

Answer 29

when both parents are heterozygous for both traits

Question 30

what are 2 signs that its autosomal recessive inheritance in a pedigree

Answer 30

- the trait skips generations - affected offspring can be born to unaffected parents

Question 31

what is the significance of Garrod

Answer 31

he mapped 4 conditions to specific chromosomes by discovering they were caused by the absence of a few specific enzymes