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Genetics 3060 > Genetics: Exam 2 > Flashcards

Genetics: Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

In a female that coils to the left has offspring that coil to the right. What are the genotypes of this mother and of the maternal grandmother of offspring?
A. dd, DD
B. Dd, Dd
C. dd, Dd
D. Dd, dd

A

D

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2
Q

What is the explanation for maternal effect inheritance at the molecular and cellular levels?

A. The fathers gene is silenced at fertilization
B. During oogenesis, nurse cells transfer gene products to the oocyte
C. The gene products from the nurse cell exert effects on embryo cleavage during early stages of development
D. Both C and D

A

D

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3
Q

In mice, the copy of the Igf2 gene that is inherited from the mother is never expressed in her offspring. This happens because the Igf2 gene from the mother
A. Always undergoes a mutation that inactivated it’s function
B. Is deleted during oogenesis
C. Is deleted during embryonic development
D. Is not transcribed in the somatic cells of the offspring

A

D

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4
Q

A female mouse that is Igf2 and Igf2- is crossed to a male that is also Igf2 and Igf2-. The expected outcome for the phenotype of the offspring is
A. All normal
B. All dwarf
C. 1 normal: 1 dwarf
D. 3 normal: 1 dwarf

A

C

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5
Q

The marking process for genomic imprinting initially occurs during
A. Gametogenesis
B. Fertilization
C. Embryonic development
D. Adulthood

A

A

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6
Q

Inheritance of organellar genetic material

A

Extranuclear inheritance

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7
Q

Inheritance that occurs because the chloroplasts are inherited only through the cytoplasm of the egg

A

Maternal inheritance

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8
Q

A cell may contain more than one type of chloroplast or mitochondria

A

Heteroplasmy

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9
Q

Location of chromosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts

A

Nucleoid

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10
Q

Paternal parent may occasionally provide mitochondria via the sperm

A

Parental leakage

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11
Q

The mode of mitochondrial transmission in most species

A

Maternal inheritance

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12
Q

Inheritance patterns that are a result of DNA and chromosomal modifications that occur during oogenesis, spermatogenesis, or early embryonic stages

A

Epigenetic inheritance

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13
Q

Inheritance in which a segment of DNA is marked and that mark is retained and recognized throughout the life of the organism inheriting the marked DNA

A

Genomic imprinting

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14
Q

A trait controlled by maternal gene is dictated by

A

The genotype of the mothers somatic cells

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15
Q

T of F: methylation of cytosine is a mechanism to imprint genes

A

True

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16
Q

Genetics linkage occurs because
A. Genes that are on the same chromosome may affect the same trait
B. Genes that are close together on the same chromosome tend to be transmitted together to offspring
C. Genes that are on different chromosomes are independently assorted

A

B

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17
Q

A crossover in meiosis is an exchange of genetic material between

A

Non sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes

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18
Q

A tetrad is made up of
A. Four non homologous chromosomes
B. Four homologous pairs of chromosomes
C. Two homologous chromosomes, each consisting of two chromatids
D. Four nonhomologous chromatids

A

C

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19
Q

Crossing over occurs during prophase 1 of meiosis: true of false

A

True

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20
Q

Crossing over allows for reassortment of linked genes: true or false

A

True

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21
Q

Going from simple to complex which is the proper order for structure of DNA?

A
  1. Nucleotide
  2. DNA strand
  3. Double helix
  4. Chromosome
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22
Q

What 3 components does a nucleotide have?

A
  1. At least one phosphate group
  2. A pentose sugar
  3. A nitrogenous base
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23
Q

Which are purines and what are their structure?

A

Adenine and guanine
Have double ring structure

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24
Q

Which are pyrimidines and what is their structure?

A

Thymine, cytosine, uracil
Has a single ring structure

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25
Is uracil found in DNA and RNA?
Only RNA, there instead of thymine
26
Which of the following could be components of a single nucleotide found in DNA? A. Deoxyribose, adenine, thymine B. Ribose, phosphate, cytosine C. Deoxyribose, phosphate, thymine D. Ribose, phosphate, uracil
C
27
Ribose is found in DNA: true or false
False, only found in RNA
28
Which components of nucleotides form the backbone of a DNA strand?
Deoxyribose and phosphate
29
Which of the following is not a feature of the DNA double helix? A. It obeys the AT/CG rule B. The structure is stabilized by base stacking C. The DNA strands are antiparallel D. All are true
D
30
A groove in a DNA double helix refers to A. An indentation where the bases are in contact with the surrounding water B. The interactions between bases in DNA C. The spiral structure of DNA D. All are true
A
31
They key difference between B DNA and Z DNA is?
B DNA= right handed Z DNA= left handed
32
What type of bonds hold nucleotide together in RNA strands
Phosphodiester linkages
33
What are the base pair rules for RNA?
Hydrogen bonds with uracil Guanine hydrogen bonds to cytosine
34
A double stranded region of RNA A. Forms a helical structure B. Obeys the AU/ CG rule C. May promote formation of structures such as bulge loop and stem loops D. All of the above
D
35
All nucleotides contain A. A phosphate group B. A five carbon sugar C. One of five nitrogenous bases D. A six carbon sugar
A,B,C
36
DNA differs from RNA in what way? A. Size of phosphate groups B. Five carbon sugar it uses C. Structure of nucleotide D. Number of bases attached to sugar
B
37
Backbone of DNA molecule is formed by
Phosphodiester bonds
38
How many bases are necessary to complete one complete twist of a DNA helix?
10
39
A nucleoside consists of only a five carbon sugar and phosphate group: true or false
False
40
A purine in one strand of DNA is always paired with a pyramidine on the other strand
True
41
Two strands of a double helix can be described as antiparallel but uncomplementary: true or false
False
42
The purine bases are
Adenine and guanine
43
The pyramidine bases are
Cytosine, thymine, uracil
44
Adenine and thymine form ____ hydrogen bonds between them, cytosine and guanine form ____ bonds
2 3
45
What is the function of genetic material (DNA sequencing)
1. Synthesis of RNA and cellular proteins 2. Replication of chromosomes 3. Proper segregation of chromosomes 4. Compaction of chromosomes
46
Where are genes located between in eukaryotes?
Centeomeric and telomeres regions along entire chromosome
47
T or F The origin of replication site encodes a gene for DNA polymerase required for DNA replication
False
48
T or F At any moment in time a chromosome can be in a mixed state of compaction; some regions are tightly wound and others are relaxed
True
49
T or F We would expect orgin of replication sites to be condensed during S phase
False
50
T or F Gene expression is relatively high during mitosis
False
51
The chromosomes of eukaryotes typically contain A. A few hundred/ thousand different genes B. Multiple origins of replication C. Telomeres at their ends D. A centeomere E. All of the above
E
52
Prokaryotic topimerase 1 functions to A. Promote negative supercooling B. Relax negative supercools C. Enhance wrapping of DNA around Histones proteins D. Promote splicing of exons
B
53
chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell are found in the…
Nucleus
54
The Histones that is not directly part of the Histones core is…
H1
55
The DNA protein complex in eukaryotic cells is termed…
Chromatin
56
Part of the function of proteins that are associated with the chromosomes is to ____ the DNA
Compact
57
Nucleosides are formed from the association of chromosomal DNA and the _____ proteins
Histone
58
Topisomerase 1 does which of the following? A. Relax negative supercools B. Relieve positive supercools C. Introduce negative supercoils D. More than one of these answers is correct
A
59
Quinolones kill bacteria by what mechanism? A. Inhibit DNA gyrase B. Inhibit DNA compaction C. Inhibit DNA replication
A
60
What is found at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome
Telomeres
61
How many types of his tone proteins are there
5
62
What type of amino acids are most responsible for binding of DNA to histones
Positively charged amino acids
63
How many bases of DNA wrap around a histone complex
146
64
What is first level of chromosome compaction?
Nucleosomes
65
What is nucleosome composed of
Two turns of DNA wrapped around octet of histone proteins
66
The zigzag model is associated with the ______ level of DNA organization
30 nm fiber
67
T or F Most bacterial species contain linear chromosomal DNA
False
68
T or F A typical bacterial chromosome is a few million base pairs in length
True
69
T or F Most bacterial species contain a single type of chromosome but it may be present in multiple copies
True
70
T or F Short regions between adjacent bacterial genes are called repetitive sequences
False
71
T or F Bacterial chromosomes have multiple origins of replication
False
72
T or F Eukaryotic chromosomes are usually circular
False
73
T or F A typical eukaryotic chromosome is about 100 thousand bp in length
False
74
T or F A eukaryotic chromosome has many origins of replication about every 100,000 bp in length
True
75
Transcribed genes are located in regions of chromosome known as
Consecutive heterochromatin
76
Are heterochromatic regions of DNA more compact than euchromatic regions?
Yes

Genetics 3060 (3 decks)

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