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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > Genitourinary > Flashcards

Genitourinary Flashcards

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1
Q

also known as the renal system produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys.

A

Urinary System,

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2
Q

what blood vessel in the kidney structure carries cleaned / filtered blood from the kidney to the heart?

A

main vein/ renal vein

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3
Q

what blood vessel in the kidney structure that brings blood with wastes

A

main artery/ renal artery

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4
Q

it carries the urine from the kidney to the bladder

A

ureter

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5
Q

They are __ bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a __, located just __ the rib cage, one on each side of your __.

A

two, fist, below, spine

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6
Q

An adult kidney is about __ (5 in) long and __ (2.5 in) wide

A

12 cm, 6 cm

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7
Q

FUNCTIONS
● Responsible for getting rid of __, ___, and __
through our urine.
● Regulate ___ (salt) concentrations
● Regulate amount of ___ within the body
● Help regulate ___
● Help maintain ___ balance
Produce ___ that affect blood and bones

A
  • waste products, drugs, toxins
  • electrolyte
  • fluid
  • blood pressure
  • acid-base
  • hormones
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8
Q

a kidney is composed of tiny units of

A

nephrons

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9
Q

nephrons consists of ___ and ___

A

glomeruli, tubules

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10
Q

it is part of the nephron where in it COLLECTS the waste to form urine

A

tubules

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11
Q

they are small blood vessel that FILTER wastes and excess fluids

A

glomeruli

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12
Q

it is the functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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13
Q

The structure that actually produces urine in the process of
removing waste and excess substances from the blood.

A

nephron

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14
Q

___ slender tubes ___ cm (10–12 inches) attaching the kidney to the urinary bladder

A

ureters, 25-30 cm

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15
Q

● Continuous with the renal pelvis
● Enter the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder
● Run behind the peritoneum

A

ureters

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16
Q

A temporary storage reservoir for urine.

A

urinary bladder

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17
Q

It is located in the pelvic cavity, posterior to the symphysis pubis,
and below the parietal peritoneum.

A

urinary bladder

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18
Q

Smooth, collapsible, muscular sac situated posterior to the pubic
symphysis

A

urinary bladder

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19
Q

triangular region of the urinary bladder base based on three openings

A

trigone

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20
Q

Two openings from the ureters

A

uretheral orifices

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21
Q

One opening to the urethra

A

internal urethral orifice

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22
Q

The tube through which urine leaves the body.

A

urethra

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23
Q

is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.

A

Urine

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24
Q

flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder.

A

Urine

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25
PROCESS that results in urine being excreted from the body through the urethra
Urination
26
what are the (6) urine composition
- water - urea - inorganic salts - creatinine - ammonia - urochrome
27
what is the percentage of water in urine composition
95%
28
urine is __ composed of urea.
2%
29
Is the MAJOR constituent of the urine and the principal means for DISPOSAL ofN NITROGEN derived from amino acid metabolism
Urea
30
Urine is __ composed of inorganic salts.
1.5%
31
inorganic salts includes __,___,___
sodium, potassium, chloride
32
is a chemical the body makes to supply energy, mainly to muscles.
Creatine
33
This test is done to see how well your kidneys work.
creatinine
34
is removed by the body entirely by the kidneys.
Creatinine
35
If kidney function is not normal, creatinine level in your urine ___
decreases
36
The excretion of ___ as ___ in the urine is important in preserving the ACID-BASE balance of the body.
ammonia, ammonium salts
37
It is a pigment that causes the yellow color in urine.
urochrome
38
It is a breakdown product of the blood's hemoglobin and is removed by the kidneys.
urochrome
39
what is the normal color or urine
pale yellow to deep amber
40
normal ph level
4.5 to 8.0
41
___ to __ times in a day. The average amount, however, is usually between ___ and ___ times in a 24-hour period.
frequency, 4 to 10 times, 6 and 7
42
Assessment techniques for the system includes:
1. Inspection 2. Palpation
43
(5) what to inspect or check for abnormalities
1. Mass 2. Skin Color 3. Lesions 4. Bruises 5. Breaks in the Skin
44
T OR F: An empty bladder is not palpable.
T
45
A full bladder presents as a ___ which is typically, regular, smooth, firm, and oval-shaped. It arises in the _____. The ___ cannot be felt. The ___ may reach as high the umbilicus. Size may be expressed in ___ above the pubic symphysis.
- Pelvis mass - midline - lower border - upper border - finger breadths
46
A full bladder is distinguished not normal if: i. There is a ___ of other features of urinary difficulty ii. There is __ , in _____ iii. ___ on examination - palpation typically worsens urge to ___
- presence - pain, acute urinary retention - discomfort, micturate
47
is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as urinary tract infections, kidney disease and diabetes.
urinalysis
48
Urine should not include (6)
- hemoglobin - nitrites - red blood cells - white blood cells - glucose - bile
49
common types of abnormal urine
- proteinuria - oliguria - polyuria - dysuria - hematuria - glycosuria
50
Protein content in urine, often due to leaky or damaged ______.
Proteinuria - glomeruli
51
An abnormally small amount of urine, often due to shock or kidney damage.
Oliguria
52
Abnormally large amount of urine, often caused by diabetes
Polyuria
53
Painful or uncomfortable urination, often from urinary tract infections.
Dysuria
54
Red blood cells in urine, from infection or injury.
Hematuria
55
Glucose in urine due to excess plasma glucose in diabetes, beyond amount able to be reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.
Glycosuria
56
what color in the urine color chart that indicates severe dehydration
red
57
is a sign of a urinary tract infection, which may also cause a bad smell.
Cloudy or milky urine
58
may also be caused by bacteria, crystals, fat, white or red blood cells, or mucus in the urine
Milky urine
59
The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is ___ per day (with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day).
800 t0 2,000 mL
60
Common symptoms of urinary problems
1. Abdominal cramping 2. Abdominal, pelvic or back pain that can be severe 3. Bloody or pink-colored urine (hematuria) 4. Cloudy urine 5. Fever and chills 6. Foul-smelling urine 7. Frequent urination 8. General ill feeling 9. Leaking of urine 10. Pain or burning with urination (dysuria) 11. Unexplained weight loss 12. Urgent need to urinate
61
(5) common urinary problems
- bladder infections (Cystitis) - enlarged prostate - incontinence - kidney infection - kidney stones
62
● aka (Cystitis), usually caused by bacteria. ● Most infections in women are caused by bacteria from the bowel that reach the urethra and bladder. ● Most infections in men are the result of problems that restrict normal urine flow, such as an enlarged prostate.
bladder infection
63
● in men, this can make it difficult to empty the bladder ● It means that the gland has grown bigger. ● Prostate enlargement happens to almost all men as they get older. ● An enlarged prostate is often called ________ (BPH). ● It is not cancer, and it does not raise your risk for prostate cancer.
enlarged prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia
64
is the involuntary loss of bladder and bowel control
incontinence
65
when a bladder infection ‘backs up’ the ureters
kidney infections
66
● caused by infection and high blood levels of calcium ● (also called renal calculi, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis) are hard deposits made of minerals and salts that form inside ...
kidney stones
67
foods that causes kidney stones
- Foods high in sodium - Cola beverages - Fast foods - Processed meats - Certain Supplements - Black tea - Chocolate - Spinach - Soy Milk - Almonds - Cashews - Soy Beans
68
69
Type of incontinence which is due to increased abdominal pressure under stress
Stress incontinence
70
Type of incontinence due to involuntary contraction of the bladder muscles
Urge incontinence
71
Type of incontinence due to blockage of the urethra
Overflow incontinence
72
Type of incontinence due to disturb function of the nervous system
Neurogenic incontinence

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (12 decks)

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