Motor-Musculoskeletal Flashcards
(86 cards)
1
Q
It is the body’s central framework
A
Skeletal system
2
Q
the skeletal system consists of _____ and ______
A
bones and connective tissue (cartilage, ligaments, tendons)
3
Q
what is the primary function of skeletal system
A
- structure
- protection
- act as levers
- produce blood cells
- store calcium
4
Q
Organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, & cardiac muscles.
A
muscular system
5
Q
muscular system permits ______ of the body, maintains _______, and _______ blood throughout the body.
A
- movement
- posture
- circulates
6
Q
what is the primary function of muscular system
A
- allow movement and position
- produce heat
7
Q
point of articulation of two bones; provide ROM
A
joint
8
Q
connects bone to bone
A
ligament
9
Q
connect muscle to bone
A
tendon
10
Q
supports and shapes; acts as a shock absorber
A
cartilage
11
Q
sacs filled w/ synovial fluid; cushion & reduce friction
between joints
A
● Bursae:
12
Q
type of joint that permits rotation in one axis ( supinates, pronates, rotates)
A
pivot
13
Q
type of joint that allows FLEXION and EXTENSION
A
hinge
14
Q
type of joint that can be FLEXED, EXTEND, ABDUCT, ADDUCT and CIRCUMDUCT. also called “Egg-in-spoon joint”
A
condyloid
15
Q
longitudinal type of joint with bone moving around a central axis
without any displacement from tat axis
A
axis
16
Q
moves across many possible axes (flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, abduction, adduction & circumduction)
A
ball and socket
17
Q
moves across many axes; articular surface are flat, & one bone rides over the other in many directions (limited in many directions)
A
plane/ gliding
18
Q
type of joint that can only abduct, adduct, opposition and reposition
A
saddle
19
Q
in assessing the musculoskeletal system, what are the possible abnormal findings
A
- Symmetry/Asymmetry –
- Skin Color and Appearance
- Rash
- Ulcers
- Lack of sweating
- Hair abnormalities
- Warmth and heat
- Swelling including effusions, nodules
- Inflammatory findings like synovial and periarticular thickening.
20
Q
what are the common problems of the musculoskeletal system
A
pain
weakness
stiffness
balance and coordination
21
Q
it is usually associated with movement
A
muscle pain
22
Q
muscle pain can be caused by ______ or _______
A
cramping or soreness
23
Q
what are the possible cause of bone pain?
A
fracture
RA (rheumatoid arthritis)
Osteoarthritis
24
Q
bone pain can be felt as ______, ________, ________ pain
A
deep, dull, throbbing
25
RA and osteoarthritis is experienced by joint pain and stiffness, what is the difference between them?
- RA worse in the morning
- Osteoarthritis worse at the end of the day
26
it is associated with certain diseases that migrates from muscle to groups of muscles
muscle weakness
27
how do we assess muscle weakness?
- know symptoms patter
- ask pt if weakness interferes with ADL
28
T OR F: is it necessary to ask the patient if the muscle weakness interferes with their ADL?
T
29
what are the 2 SYMPTOM PATTER for muscle weakness
- proximal weakness
- distal weakness
30
a. Proximal weakness -is usually a _________
b. Distal weakness - is usually a
- myopathy
- neuropathy
31
what ADLS are affected when there is PROXIMAL weakness of UPPER extremities
difficulty lifting objects or combing hair
32
what ADLS are affected when there is PROXIMAL weakness of LOWER extremities
difficulty with walking & crossing the knees.
33
what ADLS are affected when there is DISTAL weakness of UPPER extremities
difficulty in dressing or turning the knob
34
it is the most common musculoskeletal complaint
stiffness
35
this indicates neurological problem
balance and coordination
36
balance and coordination problems manifest as__________ or difficulty in _________
gait problems
ADL
37
_____________ is a neurodegenerative genetic
disorder that affects muscle coordination and leads to cognitive
decline and psychiatric problems.
Huntington's disease (HD)
38
irregular & uncoordinated voluntary movements.
ataxia –
39
● Rigid, stooped posture with head leaning forward
& arms, knees & hips stiffly flexed
● Rapid, short, shuffling steps
● Cause: __________ (classic gait)
propulsive gait
- Parkinson’s disease
40
● BILATERAL spastic paresis of legs; arms not involved
● LEGS FLEXED at hip & knees
● Knees ADDUCT & meet or cross like scissors
● SHORT STEPS, foot plantarflexed, walks on toes
● Causes: ________,________,________
scissors gait
-Cerebral palsy, MS, spinal cord tumors
41
● UNILATERALLY stiff, DRAGGING leg from leg, muscle HYPERTONICITY
● Causes: ______,______,______
spastic gait (hemiplegic)
- Stroke, MS, brain tumor
42
● DUCK LIKE walk with WIDE base of support, chest thrown back, exaggerated LUMBAR CURVE (lordosis), & PROTRUDING abdomen
● Weak pelvic girdle muscles
● Normal in ________ & late signs of _________
waddling gait
- toddlers, pregnancy
43
● FOOT DROP with external rotation of hip & hip & knee flexion
● FOOT SLAP when it hits ground
● Causes: ____,_______,________
Steppage gait (EQUINE, PRANCING, PARETIC, OR WEAK)
- MS, perineal muscle atrophy, or nerve damage
44
what is the normal spinal curve (posture)
- cervical =
- thoracic =
- lumbar =
- sacral =
- cervical = concave
- thoracic = convex
- lumbar =concave
- sacral =convex
45
a spinal deformity characterized by an accentuated THORACIC curve
kyphosis
46
known as dowager’s hump
senile kyphosis
47
a spinal deformity characterized by an accentuated LUMBAR curve
lordosis
48
a spinal deformity characterized by lateral "S" spinal deviation
scoliosis
49
common abnormality where there is PLANTAR FLEXION of the foot with the toes BENT
foot drop
50
this abnormality is a result from the weakness or paralysis of the
dorsiflexor muscles of the foot & ankle
footdrop
51
footdrop may also be caused from prolonged ________
immobility
52
it is a strong contraction and is most common in calf and foot
muscle spasms (cramps)
53
T OR F: muscle spasms may result from muscle fatigue, exercise,
electrolyte imbalances, neuromuscular disorder & pregnancy
T
54
it is a common musculoskeletal abnormality characterized by MUSCLE WASTING or degeneration or prolonged muscle DISUSE
muscle atrophy
55
crunching or grating you can hear or feel when a joint with roughened
articular surfaces moves
crepitus
56
T OR F: crepitus can be heard in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and fracture
T
57
Unexplained __________-excessive muscle size
__________ – atony
__________ - weakness
__________ – involuntary twitching of muscle fibers
__________ – involuntary contraction of muscles
- hypertrophy
- Flaccidity
- Hypotonicity
- Fasciculations
- Tremors
58
How to describe the musculoskeletal INJURY (5 P's)
______ - Location, severity, quality
_______ - Loss of sensation
_______ - inability to move -tendon or nerve damage
_______ - paleness, discoloration, & coolness
______ - Distal to the injury site
- pain
- ● Paresthesia
● Paralysis
● Pallor
● Pulse
59
it is an AUTOIMMUNE disease causing inflammation of the joint
rheumatoid arthritis
60
among all joint abnormality, it is the most serious and disabling?
rheumatoid arthritis
61
RA symptoms involves, ______, ____, ______ finger joints
Swollen, stiff, tender
62
chronic RA is characterized by two types of deformity, what are those
○ Boutonniere deformity
○ Swan-neck deformity
63
it is a joint abnormality that has presence of DEFORMITIES and NODULES of the hands
gouty arthritis
64
it is a hereditary metabolic disorder with hyperuricemia in the joints
gouty arthirist
65
a joint abnormality that is common in women? in men?
women = RA
men = gouty
66
deterioration of bone cartilage in
the joint, leading to pain &
limited movement
osteoarthritist
67
it is a DJD(degenerative joint diseases) and also known as "wear and tear" arthrisist
osteoarthritis
68
part of osteoarthritis that is hard, painless nodules over the DISTAL interphalangeal joints? PROXIMAL?
distal = Heberden’s nodes
proximal = Bouchard’s nodes
69
a symptom of Systemic Lupus Erymatosus (an autoimmune disease in which the immune
system attacks its own tissues).
Lupus Arthritis
70
Lupus Arthritis Symptoms include _____, _______, and _______ rash on the face.
fever, joint pain and butterfly-shaped
71
type of arthritis that affects
some people with the skin
condition PSORIASIS.
psoriatic arthritis
72
T OR F: psoriatic arthritis typically causes affected joints to become swollen, smooth and painful.
F (stiff)
73
Often on MEDIAL side, may present with laterally DEVIATED great toe with OVERLAPPING of 2nd toe
hallux valgus
74
Enlarged, painful, INFLAMMED BURSA SACS filled with synovial fluid; cushion and reduce friction between joints
bursae
75
HYPEREXTENSION of the metatarsophalangeal joint & FLEXION of the proximal interphalangeal joint
hammer toe
76
PAINFULLY thickened skin over bony prominences & pressure points
corns
77
PAINLESS thickened skin that
covers pressure points
callus
78
Round, enlarged, fluid-filled cyst
(dorsal side of wrist)
ganglion
79
non tender but may be painful near
tendon sheath
ganglion
80
what are the 7 types of joints
pivot
hinge
conduloid
axis
ball and socket
plane: gliding
saddle
81
4 common problmes lf MS sys assessment
Pain
weakness
Stiffness
Balance and coordination problmes
82
what are the five abnormal gaits
propulsive
scissor
spastic
waddling
steppage
83
what are three spinal deformities
Kyphosis
scoliosis
lordosis
84
four common musculoskeletal abnormalities
Footdrop
muscles spasm or cramps
muscle atrophy
Crepitus
85
5 muscles abnormalities
unexplaid Hypertrophy
Flaccidity
Hypotocinicity
Fasciculationd
tremors
86
what ar ethe five Ps
Pain
Paresthesia
Paralysis
Pallor
pulse
