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genpath Flashcards

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1
Q

It is the study of the seas in organs tissues and cells

A

Cellular pathology

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2
Q

This study or defined as the testing of nucleic acid with in a clinical contacts

A

Molecular pathology

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3
Q

It is the diagnosis of disease based on the laboratory analysis of body fluids

A

Clinical pathology

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4
Q

It is the study of microscopic organisms

A

Microbiology

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5
Q

It is used to amplify and analyze the specific DNA sequence to detect if there is a genetic mutation

A

Polymerase chain reaction

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6
Q

It is a test used in molecular pathology

A

Polymerase chain reaction

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7
Q

Chemical pathology is also known as

A

Clinical bio chemistry

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8
Q

It is a branch of pathology that involves in the bio chemical investigation of body fluids

A

Chemical pathology

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9
Q

It is a branch of pathology that involves the diagnoses and treatment of patients who have these orders of the blood and bone marrow

A

Hematology

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10
Q

It is responsible for diagnosis and management of a wide range of benign and malignant disorders of the red and white blood cells

A

hematology

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11
Q

Branch of pathology that covers the study of immune systems in all organisms

A

Immunology

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12
Q

Branch of pathology which is the most recent discipline to emerge in pathology

A

Genetics

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13
Q

A branch of pathology that involves in recombinant DNA a technology

A

Genetic

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14
Q

It involves in the microscopic analysis of the chromosomal abnormality

A

Clinical cytogenetics

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15
Q

Extreme stress persist and the cell is an able to adapt overcome the stress

A

Reversible cell injury

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16
Q

Two types of cell death

A

Necrosis and apoptosis

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17
Q

With continuing damage, the injury becomes a reversible, at which time the cell cannot recover and it dies

A

cell death

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18
Q

It is a form of cell death in which the cellular membranes fall apart and cellular enzymes dick out and ultimately digest the cell

A

Necrosis

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19
Q

When the cell nucleus shrinks and condenses during the cell that

A

pyknosis

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20
Q

Breaking apart or fragmentation of the cell nucleus during cell death

A

karyorrhexis

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21
Q

Break down off cell nucleus during the cell that

A

karyolysis

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22
Q

It is called the program cell death

A

Apoptosis

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23
Q

The cell size is enlarge or undergo swelling

A

Necrosis

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24
Q

The cell size is reduced and shrinks

A

Apoptosis

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25
The plasma membrane is disrupted
Necrosis
26
The plasma membrane is intact hence it is altered structure especially orientation of lipids
Apoptosis
27
Cellular contents is our may it out of the cell
Necrosis
28
Shrinkage in the size of the cell
Atrophy
29
Increase in the size of cells
Hyper trophy
30
Two types of hyper trophy
Fishel logic hypertrophy and pathologic hypertrophy
31
type of hypertrophy that us usually adaptive and improves function
physiologic hypertrophy
32
A type of hypertrophy that may be adaptive in some situation but often results in changes in gene expression that can exacerbate organ dysfunction
Pathological hypertrophy
33
Skeletal muscle with sustained weight-bearing exercises is an example of what hypertrophy
Fishel logic hypertrophy
34
Hyper trophy in cardiac muscle as a result of hypertension
Pathologic hypertrophy
35
It is characterized by an increase in cell number
Hyperplasia
36
It is the key antigen presenting cells that has the unique capacity to stimulate the T cells
Dendritic cells
37
A cell that is responsible For releasing substances that control and act as mediators and play a unique role in modulating the inflammatory response
Endothelial cells
38
Cells that is primarily involved in the body’s immune response mechanism
Lymphocytes
39
It is a type of simple sites that help protect the body from infection and help fight cancer
T LYMPHOCYTE
40
It is a type of lymphocytes that produce antibodies molecules during adaptive immunity
B LYMPHOCYTES
41
It is a cell rather specialize cells involved in the detection and phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria and other harmful organisms
Macrophages
42
These are long live the shore resident cells with an important role in many inflammatory settings including host defense against parasitic infection and allergies reaction
Mast cells
43
These cells are the first white blood cells recruited to sites of acute inflammation in response to chemo tactic produced by stress tissue cells and tissues resident immune cells such as macro phages
Neutrophils
44
Neutrophils is also called
Polymorphonuclear
45
cell that plays a similar function to that cytotoxic T cells in the vertebrate adaptive immune response
Natural killer cells
46
It is defined as the restoration of the show architecture and function after an injury
Repair
47
It refers to a type of healing in which new growth completely restores portions of damage tissue to their normal state
Regeneration
48
It refers to a type of healing in which severely damage or none regenerable tissues are repaired by the laying down of connective tissue
Replacement
49
It may stimulate inflammation by themselves or because they cause traumatic tissue injury or carry microbes
Foreign bodies
50
It is a reaction in which the immune system which is normally protective, damages the individuals own tissue
Immune reactions
51
It is the most common and medically important causes of inflammation
Infections
52
This is an illicit inflammation regardless of the cause of cell death which include ischemia
Tissue necrosis
53
Sequence of events in acute inflammation
Inducer’s, sensors, mediators, effectors
54
Onset of a cute
Fast minutes or hours
55
Onset of chronic
Slows days
56
Cellular infiltrate of acute
Mainly neutrophils
57
Cellular infiltrate of chronic
Monocytes or macro phages and lymphocytes
58
Tissue injury of acute
Usually mild and self limited
59
Tissue injury of chronic
Often severe and progressive
60
Local and systemic signs of acute
Prominent
61
Classification of inflammation that is less prominent maybe subtle
Chronic
62
Causes of acute inflammation
exogenous and endogenous inducer
63
two types of endogenous inducer
infectious and non- infectious factors
64
two types of exogenous inducer
microbial inducer and non-microbial inducer
65
2 class of microbial inducer
pathogen associated molecular patterns and virulence factor
66
It is the response of extended duration in which information, tissue injury, and attempts at repair coexist, in varying arrangements
Chronic inflammation
67
Causes of chronic inflammation
Hypersensitivity disease, persistent infections, prolonged exposure
68
It is the cause of chronic inflammation that is caused by excessive and in appropriate activation of the immune system
Hypersensitivity disease
69
It is caused by micro organisms that are difficult to eradicate such as mycobacteria and certain viruses fungi and parasites
Persistent infections
70
It is a cause of chronic inflammation that is potentially toxic agents, either EXO genius or in the genus
Prolonged exposure
71
Caused by excessive hormonal or growth factors stimulation
Pathologic hyperplasia
72
It is a type of physiological hyperplasia which residual tissue grows after the removal or loss of part of an organ
compensatory hyperplasia
73
It is official logical hyper pay shower exemplified by the proliferation of the glandular epithelium of the female breast at puberty and during pregnancy
Hormonal hyperplasia
74
It is a localize calcification in damaged or that the shoes which is often due to injury or inflammation
Dystrophic calcification
75
It is a systemic calcification in normal tissues due to elevated blood calcium level
Metastatic calcification
76
Calcification occurred in arteries
Arterial Calcification
77
Example of metastatic calcification
Hypercalcemia
78
Decalcification in the walls of the coronary artery
Atherosclerosis
79
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FINALS LECTURE (9 decks)

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