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FINALS LECTURE > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

It is the entry point of air into the respiratory system

A

Nose

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2
Q

What are the composition of respiratory system

A

Conducting portion and respiratory portion

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3
Q

It is the exchange of gases of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Respiration

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4
Q

It maintains pH level of the body

A

Carbon dioxide

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5
Q

It will dissociate into hydrogen ion and bicarbonate ion

A

Carbonic acid

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6
Q

They contribute to the cellular an extra cellular level

A

Hydrogen and bicarbonate ions

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7
Q

If there is an excessive amount of carbon dioxide it will produce

A

Acidity that can be toxic to cell

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8
Q

Where the food and air crosses

A

Pharynx

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9
Q

These are vocal cords and passageway of air

A

Larynx

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10
Q

It is also called the wind pipe that conducts or transfer air from larynx to bronchi

A

trachea

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11
Q

It is a branching that work of tubes that distributes air to lungs

A

Bronchi

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12
Q

How many tracheal cartilages in the trachea

A

16 to 20

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13
Q

It is a hair like structure that transports mucus

A

cilia

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14
Q

It is lined by a pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

A

Epithelium

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15
Q

If the bronchitis is curable

A

Acute

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16
Q

What if the bronchitis is not curable and need vaccination

A

Chronic bronchitis

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17
Q

It moves the mucus

A

Ciliated cells

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18
Q

These are cells that are scattered in the epithelium that produces mucus

A

Goblet cells

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19
Q

These are non-ciliated columnar cell with microvilli on the free surface

A

Brush cells

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20
Q

Brush cells secrete fluid which keeps the mucosa moist

A

serous fluid

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21
Q

cells that is lying near the basal lamina

A

Basal cells

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22
Q

Cells that give rise to ciliated cells to replace those lost

A

Basal cells

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23
Q

neuroendocrine cells also called as

A

K cell

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24
Q

This cell produces peptide in the intestines

A

K cell

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25
K cells produces what hormone
Peptide hormone
26
Regulates the production of gastrin
Peptide hormone
27
This secretes gastric acid
gastrin
28
Gastric acid is composed of
Hydrochloric acid
29
It produces acid for protein digestion, absorption and activation of enzyme
Hydrochloric acid
30
What is the pH level of stomach
1-2 PH level acidic
31
What are the three layers of trachea
Mucosa, submucosa and adventitia
32
mucosa consist of
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and lamina propia connective tissue
33
Submucosa consist of
A lymphoid tissue and CT, serous mucus gland
34
adventitia consist of
C shaped cartilage and smooth muscle connective tissue
35
It is a covering of mucous in which dust particles get caught
mucous glands
36
Conducting portion includes
lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi , smaller bronchi, lobular r bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
37
Respiratory portion includes
Respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, pulmonary alveolus
38
It is the smallest functional unit of the lungs
pulmonary lobule
39
Components of pulmonary lobules
alveolar ducts and sacs, lobular bronchioles
40
It gives rise to the respiratory bronchioles
Lobular bronchioles
41
It facilitates exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
Alveoli
42
lobule pneumonia is also called
Bronchopneumonia
43
It is a patchy inflammation centered around bronchioles
lobule pneumonia
44
What are the symptoms of bronchopneumonia
Cough, fever, and difficulty breathing
45
What is the treatment for bronco pneumonia
Antibiotics or antivirals depends on the causative agent
46
lamina propia consist of what fibers
elastic and reticular fibers
47
Submucous contains both..
Mucus and serous acini
48
It is responsible for the infolding of the mucous membrane
Complete layer of smooth muscle fibers
49
It is outer most cartilage which is visible as small cartilaginous plate of varying in size and shapes
Hyaline cartilage
50
It can cause difficulty in breathing which leads to a disease called
asthma
51
Diameter of a bronchioles
Less than 1 mm
52
Each bronchioles supplies air to a pulmnorary lobule
true
53
Simple columnar with occasional goblet cells to cuboidal with Clara cells
Epithelium of bronchioles
54
It is the part of respiratory system that protects the airways by producing a substance that helps to detoxify and defense against inhaled your Ataris or inhaled foreign substances
Clara cells
55
Submucosa of bronchioles has no gland
True
56
Bronchioles has cartilage
False
57
It is the smallest air conducting passageway in the respiratory system
Terminal bronchioles
58
Lined by simple columnar epithelium
Terminal bronchioles
59
It facilitates air passage while protecting the underlying tissue
Terminal bronchioles
60
glands and cartilage plates are absent in
Terminal bronchioles
61
propria in terminal bronchioles contains
Elastic and smooth muscle fibers
62
The wall in the respiratory bronchioles is interrupted by the presence of
Alveoli
63
It is lined by cuboidal epithelium
Respiratory bronchioles
64
It is a serious membrane associated with each lung and thoracic cavity
pleura
65
It is a type of pleura that lines the inner surface of thoracic cavity
Parietal pleura
66
It is a type of pleura that covers the outer surface of the lung
Visceral pleura
67
The walls consist of collagenous connective issue containing bundles of interlacing smooth muscle fibers and elastic fibers
Respiratory bronchioles
68
They are lined with a squamous epithelium
Alveolar ducts and alveoli
69
They have a long tortoise course and give of several branches and do not have walls of their own
Alveolar ducts
70
It is the main site for the principal function of the lungs
Alveoli
71
They are specialized saclike structures that make up the greater part of the lung
Alveoli
72
They are thin walled polyhedral sacs
Alveoli
73
It is the main support of the alveoli
Elastic fibers
74
These are squamous or flat shaped cells
Type one pneumocytes
75
What type of pneumocyte secrete surfactants
Type ll
76
It lowers surface tension in alveoli and prevents alveoli from collapsing during expire ration
Surfactant
77
What type of pneumocyte that is essential for maintaining alveolar stability and preventing atelectasis
TYPE ll
78
Type of pneumocytes that form a thin barrier for gas exchange and facilitate efficient diffusion of gases
type l
79
It is a connective tissue that line between the adjacent alveoli
Inter-alveolar septa
80
Inter-alveolar septa contains
Numerous capillaries , elastic fibers, cells which are macro phages and leukocytes and fibroblast
81
It phagocytize the pathogen or any pathogenic and foreign substances
Macrophage
82
It maintains the extra cellular fluid and responsible in secreting and producing collagen
fibroblasts
83
It gives strength and integrity of the shoe
Collagen
84
Structures involved in blood gas barrier
Type one pneumocytes and surfactant, Fused basement laminae, and endothelial cells of the capillary, endothelial cells of the continuous capillary
85
It is a structure in blood glass barrier that has a connection between type one pneumocytes and endothelial cells
Fused basement laminae
86
Cells forming the capillary wall
Endothelial cells of the capillary
87
A structure in blood gas barriers that further support the efficient oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
Endothelial cells of the continuous capillary
88
It is the segment of the inter-alveolar septum facilitating the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and alveolar lumen
Blood gas barrier

FINALS LECTURE (9 decks)

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