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GEO CE > GeoCE Module 3: Part 3 > Flashcards

GeoCE Module 3: Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

It is a sparkling gem-like solid with well-formed faces and a geometric shape.

A

Crystal

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2
Q

To most people, a crystal is a ____________ with _______________ and a ________________.

A

sparkling gem-like solid ; well-formed faces ; geometric shape.

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3
Q

To ______ ______, a crystal is a sparkling gem-like solid with well-formed faces and a geometric shape.

A

most people

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4
Q

For many ______, including all _______, crystal and crystalline also refer to any solid compound having
an ordered, repetitive, atomic structure, which may or may not result in crystal faces and a gemmy appearance.

A

scientists ; mineralogists

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5
Q

It also refers to any solid compound having
an ordered, repetitive, atomic structure, which may or may not result in crystal faces and a gemmy appearance.

A

crystal and crystalline

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6
Q

Crystal and crystalline also refer to any solid compound having an _______, _______, ________, which may or may not result in crystal faces and a gemmy appearance.

A

ordered ; repetitive ; atomic structure

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7
Q

Crystal and crystalline also refer to any solid compound having an ordered, repetitive, atomic structure, which may or may not result in _______ and a __________.

A

crystal faces; a gemmy appearance.

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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
For many scientists, including all mineralogists, a crystal is a sparkling gem-like solid with well-formed faces and a geometric shape.

A

FALSE ;
For many scientists, including all mineralogists —
TO MOST PEOPLE

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9
Q

When a __________ refers to a garnet crystal, the reference may be to a dodecahedron.

A

mineralogists

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10
Q

What is a dodecahedron?

A

A twelve-sided crystal with diamond-shaped faces.

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11
Q

When a mineralogist refers to a garnet crystal, the reference may be to a _________

A

dodecahedron

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12
Q

We call crystals, such as the well-formed garnet crystal with well-developed faces, ________.

A

euhedral.

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13
Q

We call crystals, such as the ___________ with ________ _________, euhedral.

A

well-formed garnet crystal ; well-developed faces

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14
Q

We use the term _________ in both ways.

A

“crystal

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15
Q

We use the term crystal in _____ _______

A

both ways

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16
Q

On the other hand, _________ and _________may refer to crystals of garnet in a rock.

A

petrologists; mineralogists

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17
Q

On the other hand, petrologists and mineralogists may refer to crystals of garnet in a ________.

A

rock

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18
Q

On the other hand, petrologists and mineralogists may refer to _____________ in a rock.

A

crystals of garnet

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19
Q

The crystals may not have any ___________ at all.

A

smooth faces

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20
Q

what type of rock is garnet gneiss?

A

a metamorphic rock

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21
Q

The garnet which was picked out of garnet gneiss (a metamorphic rock) lacks _____________________.

A

crystal faces entirely

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22
Q

If no faces are visible in a crystal, the crystal is __________.

A

anhedral

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23
Q

These are crystals that fall between euhedral and anhedral.

A

subhedral

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24
Q

The crystals that fall between ________ and ________ are called subhedral.

A

euhedral ; anhedral

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25
Q

Mineral crystals always have an _________________________ within them, but the crystals may not be geometrically shaped or smooth on the outside.

A

ordered arrangement of atoms

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26
Q

_______________ always have an ordered
arrangement of atoms within them, but the crystals
may not be geometrically shaped or smooth on the
outside.

A

Mineral crystals

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27
Q

Mineral crystals always have an ordered
arrangement of atoms within them, but the crystals
may not be______________________ or ___________________

A

geometrically shaped ; smooth on the
outside

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28
Q

All garnet crystals, for example, have _______________________________________, but only some garnet crystals have visible crystal faces.

A

the same highly ordered arrangement of atoms

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE;
only SOME garnet crystals have visible crystal faces.

A

TRUE

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30
Q

Most natural garnet is ______ or, perhaps, __________

A

anhedral ; subhedral

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31
Q

Most ___________ is anhedral or, perhaps, subhedral.

A

natural garnet

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32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
ALL minerals are crystalline

A

TRUE

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33
Q

With just a few exceptions, all minerals are crystalline, but __________________________ are rare.

A

perfectly formed crystals with flat faces

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34
Q

Crystal shape reflects the ______________________, when faces on a mineral are fully or partially developed, crystal shape can be a powerful identification tool.

A

crystal’s atomic arrangement

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35
Q

It reflects the crystal’s atomic arrangement, when faces on a mineral are fully or partially developed,

A

crystal shape

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36
Q

It can be a powerful identification tool for a crystal

A

crystal shape

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37
Q

When no faces are _________, we must rely on other properties to identify a mineral.

A

visible

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38
Q

When no faces are visible, we must rely on _______________ to identify a mineral.

A

other properties

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39
Q

Mineralogists use the term _______ to refer to a
group of identically shaped faces on a crystal.

A

form

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40
Q

Mineralogists use the term form to refer to a group of
____________ on a crystal.

A

identically shaped faces

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41
Q

______ use the term form to refer to a group of identically shaped faces on a crystal.

A

Mineralogists

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42
Q

The ____________ are related by crystal symmetry and have identical chemical and physical properties.

A

faces of a form

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43
Q

The faces of a form are related by ____________ and have identical ______________.

A

crystal symmetry ; chemical and physical properties

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44
Q

If a crystal contains only one form, all crystal faces are _________________________

A

the same size and shape

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45
Q

If a crystal contains_____________, all crystal faces are the same size and shape.

A

only one form

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46
Q

__________________, generally have one form consisting of 12 identical diamond-shaped faces like the dodecahedron.

A

Euhedral garnet crystals

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47
Q

Euhedral garnet crystals, generally have one form consisting of 12 identical diamond-shaped faces like the _______________

A

dodecahedron.

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48
Q

Euhedral garnet crystals, generally have _________ consisting of ___________________ like the dodecahedron.

A

one form ; 12 identical diamond-shaped faces

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49
Q

Different samples of the same mineral may _________ with different forms.

A

crystallize

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50
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
DIFFERENT samples of the same mineral may NOT crystallize with different forms.

A

FALSE
it may crystallize with different forms.

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51
Q

Like garnet crystals, ____________ generally have only one form, typically containing six identical nearly (but not quite) square faces

A

chabazite crystals

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52
Q

Like __________, chabazite crystals generally have only one form, typically containing six identical nearly (but not quite) square faces

A

garnet crystals

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53
Q

Like garnet crystals, chabazite crystals generally have __________, typically containing _____identical nearly (but not quite) square faces

A

only one form ; six

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54
Q

Like garnet crystals, chabazite crystals generally have only one form, typically containing six identical nearly (but not quite) ________________

A

square faces

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55
Q

In the _______________________________ drawings, the different forms have distinctive different shapes.

A

ilmenite, corundum, vesuvianite and datolite

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56
Q

In the ilmenite, corundum, vesuvianite and datolite drawings, the different forms have ____________________

A

distinctive different shapes.

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57
Q

In the ________ drawing, all faces are rectangular but not all are the same size.

A

gehlenite

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58
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
In the gehlenite drawing, all faces are rectangular AND ALL ARE THE SAME SIZE

A

FALSE
not all are the same size

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59
Q

The gehlenite crystal contains_____ forms (______ pairs of identical rectangular faces) with different sizes.

A

three ; three

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60
Q

The gehlenite crystal contains three forms (three pairs of _____________ faces) with _________ sizes.

A

identical rectangular ; different

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61
Q

It is a property closely related to crystal shape includes the shape and size of crystal faces, how forms combine, how well-developed different forms are, and the way multiple crystals grow together.

A

Habit

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62
Q

Habit, a property closely related to
crystal shape, includes ________________________, ___________, _________________, and _____________. Habit, thus, is the characteristic appearance a mineral
can have.

A

shape and size of crystal faces, how forms combine, how well-developed different forms are, the way multiple crystals grow together.

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63
Q

Habit, a property closely related to _______________, includes the shape and size of crystal faces, how forms combine, how well-developed different forms are, and the way multiple crystals grow together. Habit, thus, is the characteristic appearance a mineral can have.

A

crystal shape

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64
Q

Habit is the _______________ a mineral can have.

A

characteristic appearance

65
Q

The most useful terms describing habit are self-explanatory. Common ones used to describe the habit of single crystals include equant (_________), acicular (needlelike), tabular, and bladed.

A

equidimensional

66
Q

Common ones used to describe the habit of single crystals include equant (equidimensional), acicular (_________), tabular, and bladed.

A

needlelike

67
Q

The most useful terms describing habit are self-explanatory. Common ones used to describe the habit of single crystals include ____________, ____________, __________, and _____________.

A

equant (equidimensional), acicular (needlelike), tabular, and bladed.

68
Q

The most useful terms describing habit are ______________.

A

self-explanatory

69
Q

The most useful terms describing ______________ are self-explanatory.

A

habit

70
Q

_______________ are based on mineral appearance, mineral chemistry, where the mineral is found, a famous scientist, or anything else deemed important by a mineral’s discoverer.

A

Mineral names

71
Q

Mineral names are based on ????? (MMWAA) < 3

A

Mineral appearance,
Mineral chemistry,
Where the mineral is found,
A famous scientist or
Anything else deemed important by a mineral’s discoverer

72
Q

___________________ and ________________________ reviews proposed new mineral names and descriptions and judges their appropriateness

A

The Commission on New Minerals and New
Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association

73
Q

The Commission on New Minerals and New Mineral Names of the International Mineralogical Association reviews proposed ________ and ______ and judges their __________

A

new names ; descriptions ; appropriateness

74
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
The Commission also occasionally discredits old names.

A

TRUE

75
Q

_____________ and ________________ requires knowledge of their composition and atomic structure. Mineralogists must include such information when they submit names to the Commission for approval.

A

Absolute identification ; classification of minerals

76
Q

Absolute identification and classification of minerals requires___________________. Mineralogists must include such information when they submit names to the Commission for approval.

A

knowledge of their composition and atomic structure

77
Q

Absolute identification and classification of minerals requires knowledge of their composition and atomic structure. Mineralogists must include such information when they submit names to the ______________ for approval

A

Commission for approval.

78
Q

It refers to the general appearance or sheen of a mineral. It refers to the way in which a mineral reflects light.

A

Luster

79
Q

Luster refers to the _____________ or ___________________. It refers to the way in which a mineral reflects light.

A

general appearance ; sheen of a mineral

80
Q

Luster refers to the way in which a mineral ____________

A

reflects light

81
Q

Minerals that have the shiny appearance of polished metal are said to have a ______________.

A

metallic luster

82
Q

Minerals that have the __________ of _________ metal are said to have a metallic luster.

A

shiny appearance ; polished

83
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Minerals that have the shiny appearance of polished metal are said to have a metallic luster. SOME could be used as MIRRORS.

A

TRUE

84
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
WELL-CRYSTALLIZED PYRITE, is a good example of METALLIC LUSTER

A

TRUE

85
Q

Other commonly metallic minerals
includes: (SMH, CHABONANA)

A

Stibnite (Sb2S3).
Magnetite (Fe304)
Hematite (Fe203),

CHAlcopyrite (Cufes2),
BOrnite (CuSFes4),
NAtive copper (Cu),
NAtive gold (Au),

86
Q

Most of minerals with a metallic luster are
______, ________, or _______________.

A

sulfides, oxides, native elements

87
Q

Most of minerals with a _________ are sulfides, oxides, or native elements.

A

metallic luster

88
Q

Minerals that do not appear metallic have a ___________.

A

nonmetallic luster

89
Q

Those minerals that appear only partially metallic are called _______

A

submetallic.

90
Q

Minerals that ___________ metallic have a nonmetallic luster. Those that _________ metallic are called submetallic.

A

do not appear; appear only partially

91
Q

The chalcopyrite (CuFeS2; gold-bronze color) is _______,
the minor dark grey sphalerite (ZnS) in the photo might be considered ______, and the hard-to-pick-out
fluorite (CaF2) (semi-clear and white) is __________.

A

metallic ; submetallic ; nonmetallic

92
Q

Other commonly submetallic minerals include, ______
_______and ___________

A

cinnabar (HgS), and cuprite (Cu20).

93
Q

The _____ (CuFeS2; _________) seen in this photo is metallic, the ____________________ (ZnS) in the photo might be considered submetallic, and the _______________(CaF2) (_______________) is nonmetallic.

A

chalcopyrite - gold-bronze color ;
minor dark grey - sphalerite ;
hard-to-pick-out - fluorite (semi-clear and white)

94
Q

CuFeS2 - _____
(ZnS) - ____________
CaF2 - ___________

A

chalcopyrite
sphalerite
fluorite

95
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Mineralogists use ONLY ONE term to describe non-metallic lusters.

A

FALSE
ONLY ONE ——— MANY TERMS

96
Q

these are nonmetallic minerals that have a glassy appearance.

A

Vitreous Minerals

97
Q

Vitreous Minerals

Latin - vitrium, meaning _______

A

glass

98
Q

Latin - ________, meaning glass

A

vitrium

99
Q

Vitreous Minerals - these are nonmetallic minerals that have a ________________

A

a glassy appearance.

100
Q

___________ is an excellent example of Vitreous Minerals.

A

Quartz (SiO2)

101
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Calcite (Caco3), topaz (AI2Si04F2), and fluorite (CaF2) are other minerals that MAY BE VITREOUS

A

TRUE

102
Q

Quartz (SiO2) is an excellent example of ________

A

Vitreous Minerals

103
Q

these have a luster similar to violin resin or pine pitch

A

Resinous Minerals

104
Q

These have a luster similar to violin resin or pine pitch.

A

Resinous Minerals

105
Q

The most common mineral example is a resinous variety of ___________

A

sphalerite (ZnS)

106
Q

SPHALERITE
Greek - sphaleros
which means _______________

A

deceiving or treacherous

107
Q

SPHALERITE
Greek word - ________
which means deceiving or treacherous

A

sphaleros

108
Q

SPHALERITE luster can be __________, _________, ____________ or __________

A

metallic, submetallic, resinous or adamantine.

109
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Sphalerite’s name refers to the many DIFFERENT APPERANCES that sphalerite may have.

A

TRUE

110
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Some samples of sphalerite are TRANSPARENT with a vitreous luster

A

TRUE

111
Q

_______, which is fossilized tree resin, with an insect inclusion.

A

amber

112
Q

amber, which is fossilized ________, with an ___________.

A

tree resin ; insect inclusion

113
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Amber is an example of TRUE MINERAL !

A

FALSE
Amber is a biomineral, not a
true mineral.

114
Q

__________-these shows a play of color - color change with angle of view - that resembles grease or maybe fat

A

Greasy Minerals

115
Q

Greasy Minerals - these shows a play of _____ – _________ with__________ that resembles grease or maybe fat

A

color ; color change ; angle of view

116
Q

Greasy Minerals - these shows a play of color – color change with angle of view - that resembles ___________ or ______________

A

grease ; maybe fat

117
Q

Two Examples of Greasy minerals are: (OPACO)

A

opal and cordierite

118
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
JADEITE and a few other minerals SOMETIMES have a greasy luster

A

TRUE

119
Q

It occurs most commonly in opal (a mineraloid) and in minerals that contain many small inclusions.

A

Greasy luster

120
Q

Greasy luster occurs most commonly in _____ (a _________) and in minerals that contain ________________

A

opal ; mineraloid ; many small
inclusions.

121
Q

__________-these appear to have a parallel arrangement of fine fibers

A

Silky Minerals

122
Q

Silky Minerals - these appear to have a parallel arrangement of fine fibers, sometimes making them have the ________

A

luster of silk

123
Q

Silky Minerals - these appear to have _________________, sometimes making them have the luster of silk

A

a parallel arrangement of fine fibers

124
Q

If the fibers are ______, we may describe minerals as fibrous instead of Silky.

A

coarse

125
Q

If the fibers are coarse, we may describe minerals as _____ instead of ______.

A

fibrous ; silky

126
Q

_______ (a hydrated borate mineral) is a classic but rare example of a silky mineral.

A

Ulexite

127
Q

Ulexite (a __________) is a classic but rare example of a silky mineral.

A

hydrated borate mineral ;

128
Q

Ulexite (a hydrated borate mineral) is a classic but rare example of ___________

A

a silky mineral.

129
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Ulexite (a hydrated borate mineral) is a classic but NOT RARE example of a silky mineral.

A

FALSE
Ulexite (a hydrated borate mineral) is a classic but RARE example of a silky mineral.

130
Q

Satin spar is a variety of gypsum (CaSO4-2H20). It gets its name from its ______________

A

fibrous appearance.

131
Q

___________ is a variety of gypsum (CaSO4-2H20). It gets its name from its fibrous appearance.

A

Satin spar

132
Q

Satin spar is variety of ________________ (CaSO4-2H20). It gets its name from its fibrous appearance.

A

gypsum

133
Q

___________ - crystals that sparkle or appear brillant

A

Adamantine Minerals

134
Q

We use the term _______ to describe crystals that sparkle or appear brillant;

A

adamantine

135
Q

We use the term adamantine to describe crystals that ________ or ___________

A

sparkle ; appear brillant

136
Q

diamond (C) is the best-known example of?

A

Adamantine Minerals

137
Q

____________, a variety of quartz (SiO2) from Herkimer, New York can also be adamantine. All these natural and synthetic stones can have their sparkle enhanced with proper faceting

A

Herkimer diamonds

138
Q

Herkimer diamonds, a variety of quartz (SiO2), named by a place _________, can also be adamantine. All these natural and synthetic stones can have their sparkle enhanced with proper faceting

A

Herkimer, New York

139
Q

Herkimer diamonds is a variety of
______________

A

quartz (SiO2)

140
Q

Herkimer diamonds, a variety of quartz (SiO2) from Herkimer, New York can also be adamantine. All these natural and synthetic stones can have their _____________ with _________

A

sparkle enhanced ; proper faceting

141
Q

______________ - these show a play of color that resembles that of pearls

A

Pearly Minerals

142
Q

Pearly Minerals - these show a play of color that resembles that of ____________

A

pearls

143
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Light reflecting from pearly materials may appear to have washed out RAINBOW colors

A

TRUE

144
Q

The play of colors is due to a layered atomic arrangement, so pearly minerals generally have excellent ______________________

A

planar cleavage.

145
Q

The play of colors is due to _________________, so pearly minerals generally have excellent planar cleavage.

A

a layered atomic arrangement

146
Q

The _________ is due to a layered atomic arrangement, so pearly minerals generally have excellent planar cleavage.

A

play of colors

147
Q

______ and ___________ are somewhat dichroic, which means their colors change with angle of view

A

pearly muscovite ; talc

148
Q

pearly muscovite and talc are somewhat _______, which means their colors change with angle of view

A

dichroic

149
Q

pearly muscovite and talc are somewhat dichroic, which means their ___________ with___________

A

colors change ; angle of view

150
Q

______________ show no remarkable luster - because they have non reflective surfaces

A

Dull minerals

151
Q

Kaolinite is a good example of ?

A

Dull Minerals

152
Q

_________ is usually a fine-grained aggregate of small grains, white, and drab.

A

Kaolinite

153
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Besides kaolinite, the other clay minerals, such as
montmorillonite or illite, also have DULL LUSTERS

A

TRUE

154
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
We say that dull minerals are EARTHY if they have a
brownish or REDDISH color resembling dirt

A

TRUE

155
Q

Common hematite is an excellent example of?

A

Earthy Minerals

156
Q

Besides hematite, _______ and other __________ and _______ are commonly earthy

A

limonite ; metal oxides ; hydroxides

157
Q

limonite , metal oxides and hydroxides are what type of mineral?

A

earthy

158
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
Common hematite is an excellent example of an oceanic mineral (although SOME hematite may be METALLIC)

A

False(oceanic - earthly)

GEO CE (6 decks)

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