geog book 5 chap 1 Flashcards

Question

give an example of how limited land and natural resources make singapore vulnerable - difficulty in achieving sustainable urban development

Answer 1

when dover forest was zoned for residenti development in 2020 it sparked concerns and appeals from nature enthusiasts who highlighted the conservation value of the forest subsequently, the plan was revised to set aside western half of forest to be safeguarded as nature park where eastern half used for housing

Answer 2

sg contributed to the adoption of un convention on law of the sea UNCLOS in 1982 agreement that helps countries manage the oceans by providing a common set of rules since 1995, sg has been a member of world trade orgnisation which facilitates trade negotiations among its 164 member countries

Answer 3

90% of food in sg is imported this can lead to food insecurity as it makes us dependent on others and vulnerable to food shortages eg 34% chicken supply from msia frm live chickens sg faced shortage of fresh chicken in 2022 when malaysia halted the export of live chicken to sg

Answer 4

sg depends on four sources of water - local catchment water, imported water, NEWater and desalinated water water demand is expected to double over the next 40 yrs due to land constraints, it is difficult for us to build new reservoirs to collect rainwater and increase our water supply it is difficult to create new reservoirs as major estruaries in sg have been already been dammed to create reservoirs major estruaries have already been dammed to create reservoirs climate change may affect rainfall patterns

Answer 5

sg has no domestic fossil fuel resources, so all natural gas is imported through existing pipelines from msia and indon or in liquid form know as liquefied natural gas this can lead to energy insecurity as we are highly exposed to fluctuatiobs in fossil fuel prices due to global demand and supply shocks eg increase in energy demand after covid 19 pandemic and supply distruptions due to russia ukraine conflict -> energy price increases in sg -> necessities more expensive

Answer 6

sgs birth rate has declined over the past decades - 2021: total fertility rate 1.4 lower than replacement rate of 2.1 this is partly due to later marriages and childbearing: median age of first time mothers increased from 28.5 yrs in 2000 to 31 yrs in 2020 this makes sg vulnerable as with fewer births, our local population starts to decrease and we become more reliant on people from other countries for manpower in sg

Answer 7

with increasing life expectancy and low fertility rates, the median age of sg citizen population rose from 29.6yrs in 1990 to 42.6yrs in 2022 this makes sg vulnerable as more resources must be allocated to care for the aged

Answer 8

people living in sg are made up of sg citizens, new citizens, PRs, international students, migrant domestic workers and other foreigners sgs diverse population could result in disputes amongst people as the differences between various groups may cause misunderstandings or disagreements

Answer 9

migrant workers and foreign talent form part of the workforce due to our small population, sg is unable to fully meet the demands of our growing economy, particularly in sectors such as healthcare and technology > makes us vulnerable to labour shortages when there is a lack of foreign workers with a lack of foreign workers, companies cannot fill job openings making our economy less competitive

Answer 10

migrant workers from south india, bangladesh and china working in sgs construction industry professionals, managers, executives, technicians(PMETs) from various parts of the world

Answer 11

sgs heavy involvement in international trade makes us vulnerable to economic slowdowns as we are exposed to fluctuations in global demand and external economic shocks with an ageing population and reliance on foreign workers, economic slowdowns can result in a long recovery time as > fewer resources are available to aid in economic recovery as fewer resources are available to aid in economic recovery as resources are needed to care for the aged > lack of local workers to aid in the recovery >> companies and investors might lose interest in sg as it is unable to provide sufficient labour after an economic slowdown as many foreign workers which are reliant on would have left sg when they lost their jobs during the crisis

Answer 12

sg experienced economic slowdown from the 1998 recession caused by the asian financial crisis, the 2001 recession due to the dot.com bust and 2009/2009 global financial crisis

Answer 13

due to - record fiscal deficits globally > record fiscal deficits may lead to concerns about the ability of govts to manage their debts -> lower investments - geopolitical tensions between countries affecting international trade and supply of goodw and services

Answer 14

the social make up of singapore may change -> social issues related to equality, inclusiveness and quality of life - rapid technological change could put pressure on an ageing population widening the skills gap between the elderly and youths in the workforce

Answer 15

climate change is an example if countries' collective efforrs to decarbonise are not adequate, impending environmental deterioration and climate related disasters will have severe consequences for sg

Answer 16

with 30% of island is less than 5 meters above sea level > sg faces the threat of sea level rise due to global warming based on the second national climate change study, sg would experience a mean sea level rise of up to one metre by 2100 due to increasing world temps this will result in flooding of low-lying coastal areas which in turn results in saltwater mixing with freshwater sources

Answer 17

the covid 19 pandemic severely disrupted global economic activities and lead to shocks to the sg economy businesses and people involved in international travel and tourism, retail and food services were most affected the pandemic reduced sgs economic growth with a 6% decrease in gdp in the year 2020

Answer 18

during the asian financial crisis 1997-98 -> sgs economy suffered due to our close economic links with other asian countries ->> financial loss on businesses and individuals on average 62000 people were unemployed in 1998 compared with about 34000 in 1997

Answer 19

tapping on its experitse, social unity, financial wealth and diplomatic relations ensuring ministries and statutory boards work tgt to strengthen responsiveness to challenges eg 2013: sg experienced one of the worst haze episodes in history due to forest fires in indon nea provided regular updates on air quality and moh provided guidance on how to protect oneself from the haze peoples association worked with grassroots organisations to distribute masks to vulnerable groups like the elderly

Answer 20

sg was affected by the 1997 asian financial crises and the 2008 global financial crisis govt had to respond to a lower economic output and unemployment to manage fallout from the 1997 asian financial crisis > govt lowered operational costs for businesses and provided relief to individuals and households in addition to lowering rent and telecomms costs > commercial and industrial properties also received an additional 40% property tax rebate sgs economy started to recover in 1999

Answer 21

sg survived pandemics such as - sars 2003, h1n1 2009, covid 19 2019 eg to manage outbreak of covid 19, a multi-ministry task force was set up to direct and coordinate national and community responses a series of protocols, safe management and border measures were rolled out to minimise the impact of public health and ensure that sgeans remained vigilant against the spread of the disease between 2020 to 2022, our national reserves had helped to pay for covid 19 pandemic response measures - vaccines and offering financial support for families

Answer 22

importing food from many dif countries reduces our dependence on any single supply source eg although more than 90% of sgs food is imported - govts ensures food security by diversifying its import sources sg currently imports food frm over 170 countries

Answer 23

when there are disruptions in regional and global food supplies, local produce can serve as a critical supply source - when operations at jurong fishery port were halted for 2 wks for deep cleaning following covid 19 cluster -> local fishers such as eco-ark and the fish farmer raised their production to meet the demand

Answer 24

singapore supports local companies to expand and grow produce overseas so that their produce can be imported back home growing produce overseas can help sgeans overcome land, water and energy and manpower constraints eg some local farms that have ventured overseas include barramundi asia in aus, and sky greens in thai and china

Answer 25

by strengthening coastal protection and stormwater management eg building and construction authority commissioned a coastal adaptation study in 2013 to better understand the potential impacts of rising sea levels

Answer 26

strives towards a low-carbon future, to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 eg sg implemented a carbon tax in 2019 will gradually increase tax levels from 2024 tax revenue will be used to buffer the impacts of climate change on businesses and households as well as support decarbonisation efforts and the transition to a green economy

Answer 27

people enjoy employment and economic security this in turn attracts global investments and talents to contribute to economic prosperity

Answer 28

as sg becomes more densely populated -> there are efforts to create a stronger sense of place and community urban and recreational spaces like waterways and park connectors have been revitalised

Answer 29

prudent resource management and sustainable urban planning practices urban planning takes into consideration the environment by planning for clean air, clean water and green cover alongside industrial transport, housing and commercial needs

Answer 30

the greater southern waterfront that stretches from pasir panjang to marina east will be develiped to transform urban life, work, and play to complement its naturally occuring topography and env, residences and office buildings will incorporate design features that weaves in nature with the built env part of the develipment will also include blue and green spaces such as reservoir for flood prevention and a green corridor linking labrador park and gbtb

Answer 31

since 1970s: environmental considerations have been factoeed into the decision-making process in urban planning while deliberating where to locate industeies - founding pm lky observed that ne and sw monsoon winds wld potentially carry polluted air over the rest of the island to minimise the pollution gg into the city -> he advised that industries be located in the west of sg

geog book 5 chap 1 Flashcards

(55 cards)