Geography Exam Review Units 1-2 Flashcards
Memorize (32 cards)
List the Provinces and Territories with their capital city and the three oceans.
British Columbia (Victoria)
Alberta (Edmonton)
Saskatchewan (Regina)
Manitoba (Winnipeg)
Ontario (Toronto)
Quebec (Quebec City)
New Brunswick (Fredericton)
Nova Scotia (Halifax)
Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown)
Newfoundland and Labrador (St.John’s)
Nunavut (Iqaluit)
Yukon (Whitehorse)
North West Territories (Yellowknife)
Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
Arctic Ocean
Draw the Rock Cycle
(in notebook)
What is Fossil Evidence?
Remains or traces of ancient organisms preserved in rock
What is Weather?
The short-term atmospheric conditions in a specific area
What are the factors that affect climate? List LOWERN
Latitude
Ocean Currents
Wind, Air masses, jet streams
Elevation
Relief
Near Water
Explain latitude (LOWERN)
The latitude a place is located from the equator (North to South)
Closer to equator=hotter
Moving away from equator, toward North and South Poles=cooler
Explain Ocean Currents (LOWERN)
Ocean waters travel in paths called currents
Temperature of currents affect air passing over it:
Warm ocean current=heat air
Cold ocean current=cool air
Canada is affected by 3 ocean currents:
Gulf stream- warm (To east coast of Canada)
Labrador current- cold (To north east of Canada)
Alaskan Current- warm (To the west coast of Canada)
Explain Wind (LOWERN)
Wind moves hot and cold “air masses’ to other parts of the world
Wind created by a differences in air pressure in atmosphere
Wind moves from high areas of pressure to low pressure
High pressure systems sink air (nice weather)
Low pressure systems rises warm air (rain, clouds, snow)
Air masses characterized based on moisture content & temperature
Explain Moisture and Temperature (Wind)
Moisture:
m= maritime (moist, formed over water)
c= continental (dry, formed over land)
Temperature:
T= tropical (hot; formed in tropics)
P= polar (cool/cold)
A= arctic (very cold)
List the 4 types of Air Masses (LOWERN)
Continental Arctic (cool/dry)
Maritime Polar (cool moist)
Continental Tropical (warm/dry)
Maritime Tropical (warm/moist)
Explain Jet Streams (LOWERN)
Like rivers of the wind
Separate warm and cold air masses
These have strong influences on the climate
Explain Elevation (LOWERN)
Refers to high above sea level
Higher up= colder
Air cools by 1 degree for every 100 metres of elevation
Explain Relief (LOWERN)
Shape of surface of the land (mountain ranges/ hills)
Mountains/hills act as barriers (air masses can’t pass through easily)
Determines how much precipitation an area gets
Windward side of the heightened land (facing wind) gets more snow/rain than —->
Leeward side (facing away from wind)
Explain Near Water (LOWERN)
Closeness to water influences climate
Closer to ocean/lakes= maritime climate (mild winters, summers not too hot)
Farther from ocean= continental climate (Extreme temperatures)
Water remains cooler than land in summer when wind blows- brings cool air over land
List the layers of the earth from the outside-in:
Crust
Mantle
Outer core
Inner core
What are plate tectonics?
A scientific theory that explains the movement of the earths plates and how landforms are created due to said movement
What is the Continental Drift?
The movement of the Earth’s continents drifting apart over millions of years
What causes the movement of the Earth’s plates?
Moves because of convection currents
When hot liquid/gas in earth’s core is forced upwards it creates convection currents
Currents can cause plates to move together or apart
List and explain the 3 plate movements.
Divergent/ Plates move apart- Allows magma to rise and cool as crust
Convergent/ Plates come together- creates subduction, creating trenches
Transform/ Plates slide past/against each other- moves in same or opposite directions, creates earthquakes
What is Pangea?
The supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras
List and explain the four spheres:
Atmosphere
The gasses surrounding a planet held in place by the planet’s gravity
Lithosphere
The outermost layer of earth made up of rocks and other rocky minerals
Biosphere
All life on earth and ecosystems
Hydrosphere
All water on earth in all forms
List the seven landform regions.
Western Cordillera
Interior Plains
Hudson Bay Lowlands
St. Lawrence Lowlands
Appalachian Regions
Canadian Shield
Arctic Lands
Describe the Western Cordillera (LF REGIONS)
Plateaus, Valleys, Plains and Rugged Mountains
Describe the Interior Plains (LF REGIONS)
Gentle rolling hills, Extensive grasslands, Fertile soil, Continental
