Geography - Population

Question 1

*What is happening to World Population Growth?

Answer 1

It is increasing.

Question 2

*What country is the most populous?

Answer 2

China (exceeding 1.402 billion in 2020). Then India

Question 3

*Which two countries have a population above 1 billion?

Answer 3

China and India.

Question 4

*What does life expectancy mean?

Answer 4

is the average time period that a person may expect to live.

Question 5

What is the life expectacy of an average British male?

Answer 5

81.20 year (data from 2019)

Question 6

What continent has the largest population?

Answer 6

Asia

Question 7

What is the population of England (data from 2018)?

Answer 7

55.98 million

Question 8

*What does population density mean?

Answer 8

This is the number of people living in a square kilometre

Question 9

*How would you calculate the population density of an area?

Answer 9

Population divided by land area = density (km2)

Question 10

*What does sparsely populated mean?

Answer 10

Not many people living in a given area

Question 11

*What does densely populated mean?

Answer 11

Lots of people living in a given area.

Question 12

If an area is sparsely populated, suggest some physical reasons as to why this might be the case?

Answer 12

The climate is too hot or too cold, it is remote, the land is steep, there is too much vegetation, there is no soil.

Question 13

If an area is densely populated, suggest some physical and human reasons as to why this might be the case?

Answer 13

Good roads and facilities, good climate and soil

Question 14

Suggest some physical reasons as to why people live where they do?

Answer 14

Climate (people prefers temperate climates), relief (flat land is easy to build on), natural resources (supplies of water and energy are important), soil (fertile soil is good for farming), coastal location (helps trade - shipping).

Question 15

Suggest some human reasons as to why people live where they do?

Answer 15

Economy (money and technology help develop jobs), religion (people want to live with others of the same religion), politics (people want to live with stable governments), transport (essential for industry and trade), facilities (hospitals, school etc improve peoples quality of life)

Question 16

*Define birth rate

Answer 16

BIRTH RATE: The number of live births per 1000 people per year

Question 17

*Define death rate

Answer 17

DEATH RATE: The number of deaths per 1000 people per year

Question 18

List factors that keep birth rate high.

Answer 18

Large families need to work in primary industry such as farming, more children mean higher income. No access to family planning. Children are needed to look after old people. In some countries babies die before they reach the age of 1 (disease and no vacinations), therefore some parents have lots of babies to compensate for the potential loss.

Question 19

List factors that keep death rate high.

Answer 19

Poor health care, poor diet, poor sanitation and access to clean water

Question 20

Why, in some countries, is there a low birth rate?

Answer 20

Government enforced (China One Child Policy) and women decide to have children later in life as they want a career first.

Question 21

Why, in some countries, is there a low death rate?

Answer 21

Improvements in medicine.

Question 22

China’s One Child Policy: when did it begin?

Answer 22

1980

Question 23

China’s One Child Policy: what was the purpose of this policy?

Answer 23

To limit population growth

Question 24

China’s One Child Policy: why did they want to limit population growth?

Answer 24

There were concerns there would not be enough resources

Question 25

China's One Child Policy: What were the benefits of the policy?

Answer 25

The population slowed down, it is estimated that the population prevented 400 million births, standard of living has improved, millions have been lifted out of poverty, pollution and overcrowding has decreased.

Question 26

China's One Child Policy: how were couples penalised for going against the policy?

Answer 26

10% salary cut was enforced, a large fine that made some families bankrupt, families would have to pay for education and healthcare.

Question 27

China's One Child Policy: What were the problems of the policy?

Answer 27

Governments had the power over peoples private lives, Chinese society prefer boys to girls, women were not treated fairly.

Question 28

What is migration?

Answer 28

Migration is the term used for any kind of movement from one place to another – in the case of population, it usually refers to a long term change of residence.

Question 29

What is a push factor?

Answer 29

A negative reason as to why you want to leave an area

Question 30

What is a pull factor?

Answer 30

A positive reason as to why you want to move to an area

Question 31

What does rural mean?

Answer 31

Countryside

Question 32

What does urban mean?

Answer 32

City

Question 33

List some push factors.

Answer 33

Drought, famine, few jobs, low wages, natural disasters, poverty, lack of services, poor education opportunities, remoteness, war, social problems such as crime,

Question 34

List some pull factors.

Answer 34

Better paid jobs in industry, improved housing, better standard of living, a dream, strong family ties, better schools and hospitals, water supplies and electricity, warmer climate, shops and entertainment, improved chance of jobs,

Question 35

List some obstacles of migration.

Answer 35

Cost of travel, legal restrictions on movements, fear of the unknown, international boarders.

Question 36

Define ageing population.

Answer 36

‘a population with a rising average age’.

Question 37

Suggest some problems with an ageing population

Answer 37

Social tensions between the young and old as the young feel they are paying more to support the elderly. A rising number of people in nursing homes. Increasing the need for more retirement homes. Fewer people of working age – so higher taxes to pay for old people’s healthcare and pensions. An increase in the cost of healthcare, as more elderly people require medical treatment. Lack of a young workforce. An increase in the cost of pensions for government and individuals. Rise in the retirement age to pay for pensions.

Question 38

Suggest the causes of an ageing population.

Answer 38

Many people are choosing to marry at a later age, on average between 28-30 years old, and this means that they have children later, or not at all. In the UK, there are strong economic reasons why people choose not to have children or to only have one. Women stay in education longer and focus on careers so have children later. The UK has very good healthcare – well equipped hospitals and medical services. The UK is one of the wealthiest countries in the world. It is expensive to find childcare for children.

Question 39

Suggest some benefits of an ageing population.

Answer 39

A rising number of people in nursing homes. Increasing the need for more retirement homes. Some businesses make more profit as elderly people spend more money on holidays, leisure, etc. More childcare support from grandparents for people with families.