Geography REVIEW 1 cont.

Question 1

Accessibility

Answer 1

ease of reaching a particular place-(* travel time; cost)

Question 2

Connectivity:

Answer 2

the number & kind of linkages a place possesses.

Question 3

Globalization

Answer 3

processes contributing to the interconnectedness and interdependence among the world’s peoples, places, and institutions

Question 4

Homogenization

Answer 4

globalization makes cultural tastes, beliefs, & practices converge & become more alike

Question 5

Placelessness

Answer 5

increasing standardization of places & cultural landscapes = loss of unique character of different places

Question 6

Place

Answer 6

Locality distinguished by special physical & social characteristics

Question 7

Sense of place

Answer 7

complex emotional attachments that people develop with specific localities
*Infusing place w/meaning &emotion
*Remembering important events that happened there
*Labeling place w/certain character
*Feeling of belonging (home)

Question 8

McDonaldization

Answer 8

standardization of eating habits(ex: fast food)

Question 9

Americanization

Answer 9

diffusion of American brands, values, & attitudes throughout the world

Question 10

Coca-Colonization

Answer 10

refers to the globalization of American culture (also referred to as Americanization) pushed through popular American products such as soft drink brand Coca-Cola.

Question 11

Polarization

Answer 11

globalization =heightened sense of sociocultural identity
* fragments people, triggers social disorder, & instability
* vs. creating a standardized global culture
* “unleashed” separatist forces

Question 12

Neolocalism

Answer 12

describes renewed interest in sustaining & promoting the uniqueness of a place

Question 13

Glocalization

Answer 13

idea that global & local forces interact & both are changed in the process

Question 14

5 major factors in globalization

Answer 14

-Economics
-Politics
-Culture
-Environment
-Technology

Question 15

Migration

Answer 15

movement from one territorial or administrative unit to another associated w/long-term or permanent change in residence form of relocation diffusion

Question 16

Emigration

Answer 16

departure of people from an area

Question 17

Immigration

Answer 17

arrival of people to an area

Question 18

Net migration

Answer 18

difference in-migrants and out-migrants from an area in a given period of time(year)

Question 19

Ravenstein’s Laws:

Answer 19

• The reasons why migrants move
• The distance they typically move
• The characteristics of migrants

Question 20

Most migrate in search of three main objectives:

Answer 20

• Economic opportunity
• Cultural freedom
• Environmental comfort

Question 21

push factors:

Answer 21

Unfavorable conditions or attributes of a place that encourage migration.

Question 22

pull factors:

Answer 22

Favorable conditions or attributes of a place that attract migrants.

Question 23

Economic Push Factors:

Answer 23

few job opportunities, low wages, poverty

Question 24

Economic Pull factors:

Answer 24

higher wages, higher standard of living, more jobs

Question 24

Cultural/Political Push Factors:

Answer 24

slavery, political instability, religious persecution, war, oppressive regimes * People who fear that their culture and traditions will not survive a major political transition, & who are able to migrate to places they perceive as safer, will often do so.

Question 25

Cultural/Political Pull Factors:

Answer 25

stable political conditions, democratic countries that encourage individual choice in education, career, & place of residence, safety

Question 26

Environmental Push Factors:

Answer 26

hazardous conditions (earthquakes, hurricanes, volcanoes), human disasters (climate displaced/ refugees, nuclear -displaced), too little water/ too much water

Question 27

Environmental Pull Factors:

Answer 27

favorable/stable climates, pleasant areas

Question 28

Forced migration:

Answer 28

caused when someone is involuntarily caused to migrate against their own choice

Question 29

Refugees

Answer 29

a person who leaves their home because they are forced out not because they are officially relocated or enslaved

Question 30

Internally Displaced People

Answer 30

are among the world's most vulnerable people. Unlike refugees, IDPs have not crossed an international border to find sanctuary but have remained inside their home countries.

Question 31

Migrants' characteristics

Answer 31

* Most long-distant migrants are male; women more than men migrate w/in their country of birth * Most long-distance migrants are adult individuals rather than families w/children * Young adults (highest migration rates) seeking work rather than children or elderly ppl. * Families: w/young children move around a lot;w/teenage children don't move as much

Question 32

intervening obstacle

Answer 32

a problem that hinders a complete migration path.

Question 33

intervening opportunity

Answer 33

an opportunity that causes someone to settle before reaching their original destination

Question 34

Internal migration

Answer 34

permanent movement w/in the same country

Question 35

Distance decay

Answer 35

the farther away a place is located the less likely people will migrate to it

Question 36

International Migration

Answer 36

occurs when international boundaries are crossed & people take up residence in another country

Question 37

Guest workers

Answer 37

authorized, documented migrants who have work visas, usually short term

Question 38

Remittances

Answer 38

financial & non-financial resources sent by immigrants to their home countries (aka: monetary connections between an immigrant & and her or his home country.)

Question 39

Sociocultural Transnationalism

Answer 39

in migration studies, the process by which immigrants develop & cultivate ties to more than one country (system of circulation)

Question 40

Sociocultural Transnationalism

Answer 40

the process by which immigrants develop &cultivate ties to more than one country (system of circulation)