Sociology Ch. 9 pt.2

Question 1

unequal treatment of individuals based on their membership in a social group; usually motivated by prejudice

Answer 1

discrimination

Question 2

a masculine ideal that promotes characteristics such as independence, aggression, and toughness, and rejects any alternate qualities in men

Answer 2

hegemonic masculinity

Question 3

an idea about the characteristics of a group that is applied to all members of that group and is unlikely to change regardless of the evidence against it

Answer 3

prejudice

Question 4

unearned advantage accorded to members of dominant social groups (males, whites, heterosexuals, the physically able,

Answer 4

privilege

Question 5

a masculine ideal that espouses extreme and harmful attitudes and behaviors and may lead to various negative effects for women and men

Answer 5

toxic masculinity

Question 6

identity to those who might not be aware of it; short for “coming out of the closet,” a phrase used to describe how gays and lesbians have felt compelled to keep their sexual orientation secret

Answer 6

coming out

Question 7

everyday uses of subtle verbal and nonverbal communications that convey denigrating or dismissive messages to members of certain social groups

Answer 7

microaggressions

Question 8

the position of the family member who provides material support; often an authority figure

Answer 8

instrumental role

Question 9

the position of the family member who provides emotional support and nurturing

Answer 9

expressive role

Question 10

the economic trend showing that women are more likely than men to live in poverty, caused in part by the gendered gap in wages, the higher proportion of single mothers compared to single fathers, and the increasing costs of child care

Answer 10

feminization of poverty

Question 11

the unpaid housework and child care often expected of women after they complete their day’s paid labor

Answer 11

second shift

Question 12

belief in the social, political, and economic equality of the sexes; also the social movements organized around that belief

Answer 12

feminism

Question 13

the earliest period of feminist activism, from the mid-nineteenth century until American women won the right to vote in 1920

Answer 13

first wave

Question 14

the movement organized around gaining voting rights for women

Answer 14

suffrage movement

Question 15

the period of feminist activism during the 1960s and 1970s, often associated with the issues of women’s equal access to employment and education

Answer 15

second wave

Question 16

the most recent period of feminist activism, focusing on issues of diversity, globalization, and the variety of identities women can possess

Answer 16

third wave

Question 17

a movement that originated in the 1970s to discuss the challenges of masculinity

Answer 17

men’s liberation

Question 18

an offshoot of male liberation whose members believe that feminism promotes discrimination against men

Answer 18

men’s rights movement

Question 19

an offshoot of male liberation whose members support feminism and believe that sexism harms both men and women

Answer 19

pro-feminist men’s movement