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♡Geography Revision♡ Flashcards

(125 cards)

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1
Q

What is Physical Geography?

A

Physical Geograpy is about nature. It also looks at natural disasters

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2
Q

What is Human Geography?

A

Human Geography is about People, where they live, how they develop and how they earn a living.

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3
Q

What is Environmental Geography?

A

Environmental geography is about how nature can impact humans and how humans can impact nature.

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4
Q

What are some examples of Phyisical geography?

A

Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Rivers, Coastal Erosion, Weather and Climate and Flooding

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5
Q

What are some examples of Human Geography?

A

Settlement, Population, Growth, Migration and Different countries and cultures.

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6
Q

What are some examples of Environmental Geography?

A

Pollution, Energy, Deforestation and Climate change

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7
Q

What is a continent?

A

Large continuous Land-masses

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8
Q

What is an Ocean?

A

A large body of open sea water.

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9
Q

What is the difference between a Sea and an Ocean?

A

A sea is smaller than an Ocean and is usually located where the land an ocean meets. Additionally, seas are partially enclosed by land

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10
Q

Why are map signs important?

A

Map signs help foriengors know where they’re going if they’re in a country where they don’t know the language of. Additionally, map signs are useful if incase a word (or 2) is too long to write on a sign in which case they can just use a sign

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11
Q

What can a national hazard cause?

A

social + economic effects

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12
Q

Is a natural hazard man-made

A

No

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13
Q

What is a natural event

A

A non-made event that doesn’t pose a threat to humans

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14
Q

What is a natural hazard?

A

A non man made event that has social and economic effects.

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15
Q

What is a Natural Disaster

A

A non man made event which causes more than than 10 deaths or more than 100 are socially affected or £1 million of economic losses

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16
Q

What is the 4 layers of the earth

A

Crust, outer core, mantle and inner core

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17
Q

Is the crust solid or liquid?

A

Solid.

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18
Q

What is the crust made of?

A

Basalt + granite

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19
Q

What temperature is the crust?

A

15 Celcius

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20
Q

Is the outer core liquid or solid?

A

Liquid

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21
Q

What is the outer core made of?

A

Iron + nickel

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22
Q

What temperature is the outer core?

A

2300 Celcius

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23
Q

Is the mantle Solid or liquid?

A

Both, solid on bottom and liquid on the top

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24
Q

What is the mantle made from?

A

Magnesium, iron, silicon, oxygen

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25
What temperature is the mantle?
1000 - 3700 Celcius
26
What is the inner core made of?
Metal - Iron + nickel
27
Is the inner core solid or liquid?
Solid
28
What temperature is the inner core?
6000 Celcius
29
What are the two types of crust?
Oceanic crust + continental crust
30
What is oceanic crust made of?
Basalt
31
What is continental crust made of?
Granite
32
What is continental drift?
The movement, collision and division of continents
33
What is sentimentary rock?
Rocks made of layers of sediment and dead creatures
34
What is igneous?
Rocks that are made from magma that has cooled and solidified
35
Where are volcanoes and earthquakes normally found?
Plate boundaries
36
What is a dormant volcano?
A volcano which hasn’t erupted for 100s or 1000s of years but may erupt again.
37
What is an extinct volcano?
A volcano which hasn’t erupted for over 10,000 years.
38
What is an active volcano?
A volcano which is liable to erupt
39
What are 8 types of natural disasters?
Lava, Pyroclastic flow, Lamar, Tsunami, Volcanic Gases, Volcanic Landslides, Ash fall and earthquakes.
40
What is a destructive plate boundary?
Plates move together and one sinks below the other.
41
What is a constructive plate boundary?
The plates move away from each other
42
What is a collision plate boundary?
When 2 continental plates collide and neither can sink so the land collides upwards to form a mountain.
43
What is a conservative plate Boundary?
Where 2 plates slide against eachother
44
Why do people live near volcanoes?
Because of tourism, land formation, raw materials, fertile soil and geothermal energy.
45
What is latitude?
Horizontal (flat) lines
46
What is longitude?
Vertical lines
47
Where is the artic circle?
66°N
48
Where is the tropic of cancer?
23°N
49
Where is the equator?
0°
50
Where is the tropic of Capricorn?
23°C
51
What is the name of the two mot popular longitude lines?
International date line and Prime Meridian
52
Where does the prime meridian pass through?
London
53
Where are lines of latitude drawn?
Parallel to the equator
54
What is latitude numbered in?
Latitude is numbered in degrees, either north or south of the equator
55
Where do lines of longitude go from?
North to south. They are always east or west of longitude 0° which is called the Greenwich meridian.
56
Are lines of longitude always the same length?
Yes
57
Why are latitude and longitude lines important?
They help us to give an exact location for any place in the world.
58
How do you work out a four grid reference?
Find the bottom left corner of the grids coordinate.
59
What are spot heights?
These give the exact height of a point on the map, and are usually a brown fit and
60
What is evaporation?
The transfer from liquid to a gas
61
What is transpiration?
The loss of moisture from plants
62
What’s through flow?
The roughly horizontal movement of water through the soil
63
What’s condensation?
The transfer from a gas to a liquid
64
What’s interception?
Precipitation falling onto plants
65
What’s groundwater flow?
The movement of water through the rocks above the impermeable layer of bedrock
66
What’s surface run off?
The flow of water across the surface of the ground
67
What’s precipitation?
Moisture falling from the atmosphere
68
What’s infiltration?
When water is absorbed into the ground
69
What’s a watershed?
The edge of highland surrounding a drainage basin
70
What’s a confluence?
Where 2 rivers meet
71
What’s the source?
The starting point of a river
72
What’s a tributary?
A stream or river that flows into a larger body of water.
73
What’s the mouth?
Where the ocean and river meet
74
What’s hydraulic action?
Where the force of water breaks down rock
75
What is attrition?
When two rocks collide and break down into smaller pieces
76
What is abrasion?
Rocks scraping along a surface, causing it to break down
77
What is solution?
When river water is slightly acidic and causes rocks to dissolve
78
What is a drainage basin?
Where all the rivers meet and lead to the sea
79
What will happen to water that lands on the other side of the watershed?
It would flow into a river nearby
80
What would happen to the water if the rocks smash into is impermeable?
It would overflow
81
What is traction?
Stones rolling along the bed
82
What is saltation?
Sand sized particles bouncing along the bed
83
What is suspension?
particles carried within the water flow
84
What is a river bank?
The edges of a river
85
What’s transportation?
something being carried down a river
86
What’s deposition?
When a river slows down it drops off stones and mud
87
What’s a valley shape?
Valleys generally V shaped, U shaped or flat.
88
What’s gradient?
The angle of a river
89
What’s velocity?
The speed water travels down
90
What’s a discharge?
The volume of water moving down a stream or river.
91
What is velocity measured in?
Metres per second
92
What is discharge commonly expressed in?
Unit of time, commonly cubic feet per second or gallons per day.
93
What is a river channel?
An area that contains water confined by banks
94
What is sediment?
Pebbles, soil or rocks carried by a river
95
What is the upper course like?
Narrow, V shaped, Steep, Slowest, Biggest, angular and lowest
96
What is the middle course like?
Wide, flat, shallow, medium speed, medium size, sub-angular and medium flow
97
What is the upper course like?
Widest, flat, fastest, smallest, rounded, highest
98
What are the parts of a waterfall?
Overhang, undercutting, pebbles, tu
99
Does a river normally flow into a straight line?
No
100
Does a river flow faster on the outside or the inside of the channel?
Outside. This causes it to erode
101
Where does deposition occur?
Inside the river bend
102
What does eh load deposited form?
A river beach
103
What does continuous erosion and deposition cause?
A meander
104
What could a meander cause?
An ox bow lake.
105
Name 3 social effects from the Pakistan flooding
33 million people were affected, 1700 people dead by the ending and south and west most affected
106
Name 3 environmental effects from the Pakistan flood
60% of Pakistan underwater, not enough aid arrived early and poor most affected.
107
Name 3 economic effects from the Pakistan flood
10 billion dollars worth of damage, UN appeal for 160 million dollars from outside Pakistan and they were under resourced.
108
Is basalt thick or thin?
Thin
109
Is granite thick or thin?
Thick
110
What’s step one of convection currents?
The earths hot core heats the mantle around it
111
What’s step two of convection currents?
The heated magma is less dense so it rises through the mantle
112
What’s step three of convection currents?
As it reaches the bottom of the plates the magma spreads out under the plates dragging them
113
What’s step four of convection currents?
When convection currents are sinking, the plates will be pulled together
114
What’s step five of convection currents?
The magma cools and becomes more dense so it sinks back to the bottom
115
What are the 7 continents?
Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica Europe and Oceania
116
What are the 5 oceans?
Atlantic, Southern, Pacific, Indian and Artic
117
What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?
Composite, Shield and Cinder
118
What plate boundary does composite have?
Destructive
119
What plate boundary does shield have?
Constructive
120
What plate boundary does cinder have?
Destructive + constructive
121
What lava type does composite have?
Rhyditic or andesetic
122
What lava type does shield have?
Basaltic
123
What shape does a composite volcano have?
Cone
124
What shape does a shield volcano have?
Gentle sloping sickle
125
What are the 8 volcanic hazards?
Lava, Pyroclastic Flow, Lahar, Tsunami, Ash Fall, Earthquakes, Volcanic landslides, Volcanic Gases,

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