Geological Time Scale and Evolution Flashcards
(26 cards)
What are the 4 types of geological time scale? Arrange according to the largest to smallest block of time.
Eon, Era, Period, Epoch
What are the 2 major eons?
Precambrian and Phanerozoic
What 3 eons comprises Precambrian Eon?
> Hadean - origin of life
Archean - early bacteria and algae
Proterozoic - formation of simple and complex multicelled organisms
What are the 3 eras within Phanerozoic Eon?
> Paleozoic - the formation of marine invertebrates, fishes, and amphibians
Mesozoic - formation of reptiles
Cenozoic - formation of mammals
What are the 7 periods within Paleozoic Era (the formation of marine invertebrates, fishes, and amphibians)?
> Cambrian - formation of early shelled organisms and the rise of corals
Ordovician - trilobite maximum, formation of primitive fishes
Silurian - MASS EXTINCTION
Devonian - formation of first forests and amphibians
Mississippian - MASS EXTINCTION
Pennsylvanian - formation of first reptiles, abundance of sharks, and coal - forming swamps
Permian - Ouachita Orogeny (mountain-building event), Supercontinent Pangaea still inact
What are the 3 periods within Mesozoic Era (Age of Reptiles)?
> Triassic - flying reptiles, abundance of sharks, coal-forming swamps
Jurassic - MASS EXTINCTION
Cretaceous - formation of early flowering plants and placental mammals
What are the 2 major periods within Cenozoic Era (Age of Mammals)?
Tertiary and Quaternary
What are the 2 sub periods within Tertiary period?
Paleogene and Neogene
What are the 3 Epoch within Paleocene period?
> Paleocene - formation of early primates
Eocene
Oligocene
What are the 2 Epoch within Neogene period?
> Miocene - spread of grassy ecosystems
Pliocene
What do you call the change in the characteristics of a species over several generation and a product of natural selection?
Evolution
The “theory of evolution” is based on the concept that?
All species are related and changes gradually over a period of time.
What are the 2 Epoch within the second major period under Cenozoic Era (Age of Mammals)
> Pleistocene - formation of Modern Humans
Holocene - extinction of large mammals and birds
Lamarkism theory is proposed by?
Jean Baptiste - Lamark
Jean Baptiste - Lamark has a critical view on how characters from parents to offspring were moving. provide one theory of his and its definition.
Theory of use and disuse - Inheritance of acquired characteristics. If a trait is not used very often, then the trait will disappear. If a trait is used often, then it will propagate to the next generation.
What are the types of natural selection?
Overproduction
Genetic Variation
Survival of the Fittest
Differential Reproduction
What does natural selection do?
NATURAL SELECTION MODIFIES THE POPULATION: THE FITTEST SURVIVE AND REPRODUCE, PASSING ON THEIR TRAITS. SAY, THE LONG BEAKS GET TO MORE FOOD AND SURVIVE WHEN FOOD BECOMES SCARCE. UNFIT SPECIES DIE OUT. POPULATION DIVERGE INTO NEW SPECIES!
Darwinism Theory stated that evolution happens through natural selection. Stating that all species of of organisms arise and develop and has the ability to compete, survive, and reproduce. This theory is proposed by?
Charles Darwin
What are the 3 types of Comparative Anatomy and their definitions?
> Homologous Structure wherein different species have similar internal framework, position and embryonic development.
Analogous Structure wherein structures of unrelated species have the same function.
Vestigial Structure wherein body parts of organisms diminished in size as they are no longer needed.
Fossils are remains of organism from the past and undergo preservation in form of rocks and ice.
Fossilization occurs on bones, teeth, shells, footprints and feces. They are mostly found in sedimentary rocks that have been in layers for years (strata). The deeper the stratum, the older the fossil. Potassium - argon dating used to date fossils up to 3000 years. Carbon dating used to date younger fossils. What is the study of fossil remains?
Paleontology
What are the kinds of evidences that supports the theory of evolution?
Paleontology
Geographical Distribution
Comparative Anatomy
Comparative Embryology
Biochemistry
DNA Homology
What is geographical distribution?
The natural arrangement/separation of various species or taxa of living organisms in other parts of the Earth.
What is the study of biological structures?
Comparative Anatomy
What is Comparative Embryology?
The branch of embryology that compares and contrasts embryos of different species. It is used to show how all animals are related.
