Systematics Flashcards
(23 cards)
This is a combination of taxonomy and phylogenetic trees. It also describes and analyzes Earth’s biodiversity.
Systematics
What is the science of discovering, describing and classifying groups or a ‘taxa’?
Taxonomy
What is the science of recovering evolutionary relationship in a taxa?
Phylogenetic Analysis
Phylogenetics is the study of evolutionary relationships among biological entities - often species, individuals or genes. What are the other applications of Phylogenetics?
> to represent the time for a species to change through the length of its branches.
relates organisms based on comparison of the similarities/differences of their anatomies.
concerning who appears most similar to whom at one point in time.
What are Cladograms?
The visual representation of evolutionary history and are diagrams which depict the relationships between different groups of taxa called ‘clades’
What are traits found into two or more taxa that first appeared in their recent common ancestor?
Synapomorphic Characteristics (Shared Derived Characteristics)
True or False. Cladograms does not show how ancestors are related to descendants or how much they change.
True
What are traits that are present in an ancestral species and remain present in the groups?
Plesiomorphic Characteristics (Shared Ancestral Characteristics)
What are characteristics that appear in recent parts and not in its older members?
Derived Characteristics
What are the two classification systems?
Artificial and Natural Classification
What is Artificial Classification?
Is based on the easily observable characteristics and can be grouped according to color, movements, habitat, and size.
What is Natural Classification and its two types?
Is based on the internal and external features of the organisms as well as explanation from other branches of biology. Has two types which are Phenetic Classification and Phylogenetic Classification.
What is Phenetic Classification?
Is only based on as many phenotypic similarities (physical appearance). Has no evolutionary pattern involved and does not distinguish homologous and analogous characteristics.
What is Phylogenetic Classification?
Is also called evolutionary classification and involves the groupings of organisms, This is based on the shared characteristics which reflects evolutionary relationship.
Who is often called Father of Taxonomy?
Carl Linnaeus
What is a group that contains organisms that share some basic features and share common ancestry?
Taxon
What are the 7 main taxa?
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species
Living things are divided into how many Kingdom?
5 Kingdoms which are Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera (sometimes split into Eubacteria and Archaebacteria).
What is the broadest category among the taxa?
Domain which splits organisms into 3 Domains namely Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
What taxon does an organism receive its scientific name?
The genus and species
What is the naming system invented by the biologist named Carl Linnaeus to name an organism?
Binomial Nomenclature
How do you name an organism?
The first word must be the genus name which must begin with a capital letter and the species name which will begin with a lower case.
True or False. The scientific name of an organism must be printed and written in a normal text?
False. Scientific names must be printed in italics and underlined when handwritten.
