Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Energy Engineering > Geothermal pt. 2 > Flashcards

Geothermal pt. 2 Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The primary application of geothermal energy in the Philippines is ______

A

power generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

___________
Location: Leyte, Geothermal Power Plant
- 232.5 MW- Malitbog
- 180 MW - Mahanagdong
- 125 MW - Upper Mahiao
- 50.9 MW - Optimization

A

UNIFIED LEYTE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

is a subsidiary of First Gen.

A

Energy Development Corporation (EDC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EDC has a total of _____ installed capacity?

A

1,484.09 MW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prior to November 2007, EDC was a government-owned and controlled corporation, known as ___________

A

Philippine National Oil Company-Energy Development Corporation (PNOC-EDC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

EDC’s 12 integrated geothermal power stations consist of the following:
(familiarize n’yo nalang sarili nyo hehe)

A
  1. 232.5-MW Malitbog (Leyte)
  2. 180-MW Mahanagdong (Leyte)
  3. 125-MW Upper Mahiao (Leyte)
  4. 123.0-MW Tongonan (Leyte)
  5. 50.9-MW Optimization (Leyte)
  6. 120-MW Bacman I (Bicol)
  7. 20-MW Bacman II (Bicol)
  8. 112.5-MW Palinpinon I (Negros Island)
  9. 60-MW Palinpinon II (Negros Island)
  10. 49.4-MW Nasulo (Negros Island)
  11. 52-MW Mindanao I (North Cotabato)
  12. 54-MW Mindanao II (North Cotabato)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 7 producing geothermal fields?

A
  1. Mak-Ban
  2. Tiwi
  3. Nasulo (Northern Negros)
  4. Palinpion I and II
  5. Tongonan and Unified Leyte
  6. Mindanao I and II
  7. Bac-man I and II
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

________________
Location: Limao, Calauan, Laguna
Capacity: 458 MW
Technology: Flash Steam
Years Operating: 43 years
Operator: AP Renewables, Chevro

A

Mak-Ban

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______
Location: Tiwi, Albay
Capacity: 234 MW
Technology: Flash Steam
Years Operating: 44 years
Operator: AP Renewables, Chevron

A

Tiwi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

____________
Location: Pugahan, Negros Occidental
Capacity: 49 MW
Technology: Flash Steam
Years Operating: 10 years
Operator: Energy Development Corp

A

Nasulo (Northern Negros)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

______________
Location: Valencia, Negros Oriental
Capacity: 192 MW
Technology: Binary Cycle
Years Operating: 40 years
Operator: Energy Development Corp

A

Palinpinon I and II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____________________
Location: Kananga, Leyte
Capacity: 716 MW
Technology:Double Flash & Binary Cycle
Years Operating: 40 years
Operator: Energy Development Corp

A

Tongonan and Unified Leyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

__________
Location: Kidapawan City, North Cotabato
Capacity: 104 MW
Technology:Double Flash & Binary Cycle
Years Operating: 30 years
Operator. Energy Development Corp

A

Mindanao I and II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

______
Location: Bacon, Sorsogon City, Bicol
Capacity: 150 MW
Technology:Flash Steam
Years Operating: 30 years
Operator. Energy Development Corp

A

Bac-Man I and II

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

*Global Demand
What are the factors driving international energy demand?
(4)

A

● Renewable Energy Transition
● Energy Security
● Economic Viability
● Environmental Benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____________ - governments of 37 democracies The industrial sector is the largest consumer of energy - and constitutes more than half of global energy consumption

A

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

By 2050, wind and solar account for over ____ of total renewables generation.

A

70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

________ becomes the leading source of primary energy consumption by ____ although consumption increases for all primary energy sources

A

Renewable energy ; 2050

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • Local Demand
    What are the factors driving international energy demand
    (6)
A

● Electricity Generation
● Renewable Energy
● Energy Security
● Rural Electrification
● Energy Efficiency
● Power Infrastructure Development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In 2020, the Philippines’ total non-coincidental peak demand reached 15,282 MWz, which is 299 MW or _____ lower than the peak demand in ____.

A

1.9%,
2019

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How Geothermal Energy Utilized
What are the technologies/ Equipment Used? (5)

A
  • Thermal Wellhead
  • Geothermal Steam Turbine
  • Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
  • Geothermal Heat Pumps
  • Geothermal Wells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

About 1,748 geothermal wells in the United States, majority in ___

A

California

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the Four Types of Geothermal Heat Pumps Systems?

A
  • Direct exchange
  • Vertical Loops
  • Pond/Lake
  • Open loop
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Horizontal, vertical and pond/lake - are _____ system (entirely self-contained)

A

closed loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
A ________ **transfers heat** between the refrigerant ; antifreeze in the heat pump and the solution
heat exchanger
26
Types of Geothermal Heat Pumps Systems ____ does **not use a heat exchanger** and instead **pumps** the refrigerant through copper tubing that is buried in the ground
Direct Exchange
27
Types of Geothermal Heat Pumps Systems _____ are used where the **soil is too shallow** for trenching
Vertical loops
28
Types of Geothermal Heat Pumps Systems _____ if the site has an **adequate body of water**
Pond/Lake
29
Types of Geothermal Heat Pumps Systems _____ uses **well or surface body water** as the heat exchange fluid that circulates directly through the GHP system.
Open Loop
30
**Three elements** are needed to generate power from geothermal: 1. found in rocks deep underground 2. carry heat from the rocks 3. pathways to move fluids
- **Heat** - **Fluid** - **Permeability**
31
Three Main Types of Geothermal Power Plant Technologies
1. Dry Steam Power Plants 2. Flash Steam Power Plants 3. Binary Cycle Power Plants
32
Type of Geothermal Power Plant Technologies ________ - Use **hydrothermal fluids** that are already **mostly steam** (relatively rare) - The *steam is drawn directly to a turbine* , which drives a generator that produces electricity. - After the *steam condenses*, it is frequently *reinjected into the reservoir*.
Dry Steam Power Plants
33
Types of Geothermal Power Plant Technologies _______ - The **most common type** of geothermal power plants in operation today - Fluids at temperatures greater than **182°C/360°F**, pumped from deep underground, travel under **high pressures to a low-pressure tank** at the earth's surface. - The change in pressure causes some of the **fluid to rapidly transform**, or **"flash," into vapor**. - The vapor then drives a turbine, which drives a generator.
Flash Steam Power Plants
34
Type of Geothermal Power Plant Technologies ________ - Can use lower temperature geothermal resources. - **Geothermal reservoir fluids** never come into contact with the power plant's turbine units. - Low-temperature (below 182°C/360°F) **geothermal fluids pass through a heat exchanger with a secondary, or "binary," fluid**
Binary Cycle Power Plants
35
_______ has a much lower boiling point than water.
Binary fluid
36
EGS stands for?
Enhanced or Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS)
37
**improve the permeability** of geothermal systems through hydraulic, chemical and thermal stimulation.
(EGSs)
38
_____ can be enhanced by **stimulating the reservoir** through pumping of water (or other fluids, such as carbon dioxide [CO2]) to fracture the rock, thereby creating an artificial reservior
Permeability
39
_____________ relies on **other energy sources**. This form of geothermal energy **uses water that has been heated as a byproduct in oil and gas wells**. In the United States, about 25 billion barrels of hot water are produced every year as a by-product.
Co-produced geothermal energy technology
40
____________ ● Well cost scales exponentially with **depth**. ● Maximum depth capability to **42,000 ft (12 km)**. ● Borehole stability ● **Lost circulation mud** is still a big problem in some formations.
Drilling Technologies
41
The **Russian scientists** drilled down the earth for about **19 years**, drilling just **12.26 kilometers** , which remains as the ____ **bore hole** ever reached by drilling.
- **deepest man-made**
42
What are the relevant chemical engineering principles and calculations? (7)
● Thermodynamics ● Mass and Energy Balances ● Heat Transfer (heat loss and heat flows) ● Fluid Flow and Pressure Drop ● Phase Equilibrium and Equations of State ● Chemical Kinetics and Corrosion Control ● Power Plant Efficiency
43
____ is the rate of change of temperature with depth.
Thermal Gradient
43
Excess temperature in K or °C above that on the surface as a **function of distance** from the center in kilometers showing the boundaries between interior regions of the Earth.
Thermal Gradient
44
* Advantages of Geothermal Energy - The technical potential of hydrothermal geothermal resources is estimated at around ____ and over ____(GWth) - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that geothermal energy can supply about __ of the world's electricity demand and meet the electricity needs of ___ of the world's population.
- 200 GWe ;5 000 gigawatts thermal - - 18% ; 17%
45
- ________ is **renewable**; it is not a fossil fuel that will be eventually used up. - Using ________ is relatively **clean, and low emission**. - ______________ can **last for decade** and possibly centuries.
Geothermal energy Geothermal energy Geothermal Power Plants
46
- Unlike other renewable energy sources, geothermal systems are ____. (This means they can work in the summer or winter and are **not dependent** on changing factors such as the presence of wind or sun.) - The **space** it takes to build a geothermal facility is much ___ than other power plants.
- baseload - more compact
47
- Reasonably **well distributed** : available everywhere at ____ , and at **shallower depths** (3-6 km) in ___ regions. - **Scalable**: from < ___ MW to ___ MW (thermal or electric). - **Flexible**: generation of electricity, heat, and ___.
- 6 km depth; "high-grade" - 1 MW to 1000 MW - cogeneration
47
* Disadvantages of geothermal energy - The process of **injecting high-pressure streams** of water into the Earth can result in ____ or small earthquakes. - Geothermal plants have been linked to **subsidence or slow sinking of land** - __________ may cause **micro seismic events** (and sometimes more than micro that can lead to shutting down the operation).
- minor seismic activity - Drilling deep holes
48
- Water that flows through underground reservoirs can pick up trace amounts of ________ such as **arsenic, mercury, and selenium**. - Although the process requires almost ___ to run, the **initial cost** of installing geothermal technology is expensive.
- toxic elements - no fuel
49
Drilling deep underground and transforming that heat into a usable form of energy are **difficult** and **expensive**, which is why **geothermal power**-sometimes called the _____ makes up only about 0.5% of electricity generation worldwide.
forgotten renewable
50
Issues of geothermal energy (8)
● Resource Availability ● Economic Viability ● Technological Limitations ● Environmental and Social Impacts ● Direct greenhouse gas emissions ● Life-cycle assessment (LCA) ● Local environmental impacts ● Potential hazards of seismicity
51
Geothermal energy emits only a fraction of the _____ **released by coal or natural gas power plants**, making it an environmentally sustainable option.
carbon dioxide
52
Geothermal energy contributes to SDGs like (familiarize n'yo mahaba e)
- **SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy** , by providing a ***renewable energy source*** that helps mitigate climate change. - **Reducing reliance on fossil fuels*** and supporting SDG 13: Climate Action . - The use of geothermal energy contributes to **SDG 15: Life on Land**, as it does ***not require extensive land use*** or cause habitat destruction. - It helps achieve **SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure**, as it ***encourages investments*** in renewable energy technologies and infrastructure - **Geothermal power plants have long lifespans** and relatively low operational costs, contributing to energy price stability over time and promoting local economic growth. - Geothermal energy supports **SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth** by creating ***job opportunities*** in the construction and operation of geothermal power plants. - It contributes to **SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities** by providing ***sustainable heating and cooling*** options for residential and commercial buildings, improving energy efficiency - Aligns with **SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production**, as geothermal energy promotes the ***use of clean and sustainable energy*** sources, reducing the dependence on non-renewable resources.
53
Geothermal energy is utilized in several _____ in the Philippines
industrial applications
54
Future development of geothermal energy (6)
● Deep Drilling and Reservoir Characterization ● Hybrid Systems ● Direct Use Applications ● Improving Geothermal Heat Pumps ● Subsea Geothermal ● Geothermal Energy Storage
55
__________________ Will focus on advancing geothermal heat pump technology, **improving system efficiency, and reducing installation costs**, making them more accessible for widespread adoption.
Improving Geothermal Heat Pumps
56
- By _____, geothermal projects can tap into **higher temperatures**, resulting in increased power generation. - improved _____________ techniques, such as seismic imaging and advanced modeling , will help in accurately **predicting reservoir behavior** and optimizing geothermal plant performance.
* drilling deeper wells * Improved **reservoir characterization techniques**
57
Geothermal energy can be **combined with other renewable energy sources** to form
hybrid systems
58
Will focus on expanding ______ such as heating and cooling systems for residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.
direct use applications
59
Will focus on advancing _________ , improving system efficiency, and reducing installation costs, making them more accessible for widespread adoption.
geothermal heat pump technology
60
____ has the advantage of being available in **coastal regions** and could provide a significant contribution to the global renewable energy mix.
Subsea geothermal
61
Geothermal energy can potentially be **stored and retrieved** using various methods, such as _____, **underground thermal batteries**, or utilizing geothermal fluids in advanced heat storage systems.
thermal energy storage

Energy Engineering (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions