Overview/Nuclear Energy pt. 1

Question 1

Well-known issues in the energy field

Answer 1

-Energy use is increasing
-Raw fuel reserves are limited
-Pressure on standard of living
-Global warming

Question 2

Energy usage in heating involves ______

Answer 2

gas and oil

Question 3

Energy usage in electricity involves _______

Answer 3

coal, nuclear, gas, and hydro

Question 4

This sector needs mobile fuel to operate

Answer 4

transportation

Question 5

Energy is applied through:
Electricity by ______%,
Heating by _______%, and
Transportation by _________%

Answer 5

40%, 32%, and 28%

Question 6

US oil usage by transportation accounts for ________%, and by heating for _________%

Answer 6

69%, 31%

Question 7

World coal reserves= ________ tons
World gas reserves= ________ million million cubic feet
World oil reserves= ________ thousand million cubic feet

Answer 7

930,423 million tons
6,189 million million cubic feet
1,277 thousand million cubic feet

Question 8

Supplies of oil and natural gas will last for _________, coal for _____, and oil shale and tar sands for ______.

Answer 8

50 years, 300 years, 350 years

Question 9

Is not a naturally occurring fuel; is an energy carrier and must be manufactured

Answer 9

Hydrogen

Question 10

Major technologies of interest

Answer 10

-Fossil fuels
-Nuclear fission
-Hydroelectric
-Renewable energy (wind, solar thermal, solar voltaic, biomass, geothermal)

Question 11

Waste heat into the environment

Answer 11

Exhaust steam

Question 12

Given by furnace inlet temperature and exhaust temperature

Answer 12

Heat engine efficiency

Question 13

All fossil fuels use ________ to burn and produce large amounts of ________

Answer 13

oxygen; CO2

Question 14

At equilibrium the earth reaches a high enough temperature so that

Answer 14

Power in = Power out

Question 15

___________ rate depends on temperature

Answer 15

Re-radiation

Question 16

Only _______ produces energy by fission

Answer 16

Uranium 235

Question 17

Key nuclear reaction

Answer 17

n + 235U → 2 fission products + 2.5n + 6β + 10γ + 10ν + energy

Question 18

1 nuclear reaction is equal to

Answer 18

1,000,000 fossil reaction

Question 19

Its main source of energy is gravity; implied power density is low

Answer 19

hydroelectric

Question 20

Wind power involves wind turning the _________.
_________ converted to the shaft of a generator, producing electricity.
Produces______MWe peak and _______average

Answer 20

windmill blades
mechanical motion
400 MWe; 130 MWe

Question 21

Two ways that a sun’s energy can make electricity

Answer 21

Solar thermal rays, solar voltaic

Question 22

________: focused rays can heat water, water turns to steam to make electricity
________: The sunlight impinges on a solar voltaic cell. The energy is directly converted into DC electricity

Answer 22

Solar thermal rays
Solar voltaic

Question 23

Like wind, the power density is low
Its peak power produced is about 100 - 200 W/m2. Average power is about 30 - 60 W/m2.

Answer 23

solar energy

Question 24

Burn wood, plants and a huge land area is required

Answer 24

biomass energy

Question 25

Involves digging a hole until steam or hot water is reached and hot fluid is forced to the surface

Answer 25

geothermal energy

Question 26

Nuclear fission research and atomic bomb development during __________ bringing nuclear energy to public attention.

Answer 26

World War 2 (1930s-1940s)

Question 27

The first commercial nuclear power plant in the **Soviet union** built in 1954

Answer 27

Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant

Question 28

Nuclear energy provides about ________ of the world's electricity (as of September 2021)

Answer 28

10%

Question 29

Philippines is the first ________to build a nuclear power plant

Answer 29

ASEAN Member state

Question 30

In _______, Marcos admin decided to build a nuclear power plant comprising __________units

Answer 30

1973 two 600 MWe units

Question 31

According to the _________, directing a study for the **adoption of a national position on a nuclear energy program**, constituting a nuclear energy program inter-agency committee, and for other purposes

Answer 31

executive order no. 164

Question 32

* The first commercial nuclear power reactor began operating in _________, and nuclear energy has been a national strategic priority since 1973. Up until 2011, Japan was generating some _______ of electricity from its reactors. * It has_______ nuclear power reactors classed as operable but just 10 reactors have since received clearance from the regulator to restart

Answer 32

mid-1966 30% 33

Question 33

The ________ operated a **small uranium refining** and conversion plant at Ningyo Toge, Okayama prefecture, but these facilities are now decommissioned.

Answer 33

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

Question 34

Has one of the largest nuclear power programs in the world.

Answer 34

France

Question 35

**Nuclear power plants in France** generated **361 billion kWh** of electricity in 2021, accounting for _______ of the country's annual electricity generation About **17% of France's electricity** is from _____. Over the last decade France has exported up to **70 TWh** net each year.

Answer 35

68% recycled nuclear fuel

Question 36

In 2021, the nuclear share of **total U.S. electricity** generating capacity was about ________, while the nuclear share of **total utility-scale electricity** generation was about ________.

Answer 36

8% 19%

Question 37

Most U.S. commercial nuclear power reactors are located east of the _________. ________ has more reactors than any state (11 reactors at 6 plants). Has the largest total nuclear net summer generation capacity at **11,582 MW**

Answer 37

Mississippi river Illinois

Question 38

________ in Port Gibson, Mississippi has the largest **U.S.** nuclear reactor with an electricity, generating capacity of about 1,400 mW.

Answer 38

The **Grand Gulf Nuclear Station**

Question 39

allow energy buffs to examine the reliability of various power plants. It basically **measures how often a plant is running at maximum power**. 100% means it is producing power all the time

Answer 39

capacity factors

Question 40

________ was completely **self-sufficient** in the production of nuclear energy. ________ conducts uranium mining and processing in **Jharkland**

Answer 40

India Uranium Corporation of India Ltd. (UCIL)

Question 41

The sole **Russian** utility running nuclear power reactors is ________. It was founded on **1992**.

Answer 41

Rosenergoatom

Question 42

_________will use nuclear energy as the backbone of its power generation system in the next "10 to 20 years," according to the National Energy Administration (NEA), adding up to **300 GWe** of nuclear capacity during that time.

Answer 42

China

Question 43

According to the ________ nuclear power currently provides about **10% of the world's electricity** and **18% of electricity** in _________ countries. The IAEA projects that this share could increase to 12% by 2050.

Answer 43

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Question 44

The countries with the **highest demand** for nuclear energy are _____________. _________ is currently the **world's largest nuclear power plant builder**, and it is expected to add more than 100 gigawatts of nuclear capacity by 2050.

Answer 44

China, India, Russia China

Question 45

This make clear the increasing prominence of electricity, with all **projected scenarios** indicating a higher rate of demand growth compared to total final energy demand.

Answer 45

World Energy Outlook

Question 46

The WEO only provides predictions for the next __________ because it is difficult to make accurate projections that far into the future. The WEO prediction ends in ________ because the IEA believes that it is the most likely year for the world to reach peak electricity demand

Answer 46

27 years 2040