GEP M1-4 PRELIMS Flashcards by MARIAN CHELSEA COLLADO

Refers to concern for the environment, specifically
actions or advocacies to limit the negative impacts of man to the environment

Environmentalism

Keyword: LIMIT… MAN

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[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]

Born out of ecological thought but stunted on its rootedness

Environmentalism

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[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]

Focuses on shallow advocacies

Environmentalism

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A new political ideology based on the position that the non-human world is worthy of moral consideration

Ecologism

Key-word: NON-HUMAN

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[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]

Defends radical reform of society, zero economic growth and a reduction of population, and the protection of nature against every
form of irreversible destruction

Ecologism

keyword RADICAL

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[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]

Focuses on the partnership between human and nature

Ecologism

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[Environmentalism or Ecologism?]

It takes to account that man is only “part” of the ecology of life

Ecologism

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True or False

One of the criticism of Ecologism is it is too ideal, majority of the people cannot build a utopic society

True

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True or False

We cannot deny the industrial man

True

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True or False

People can adopt to deep rooted ecologism

False. Because we cannot deny the industrial man

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_____% of the population is still relying in industrialization

50%

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True or False

One of the possible solutions to help the environment is to promote a balance and meaningful ecologism

False.

promote a balance and meaningful “environmentalism”

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Definition of _____:

Has a wide range of definitions, meanings and interpretations.
Nature
Related to notion of wilderness and of pristine landscapes that have not yet influenced by human activities

Environment

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It is the process which all people and communities come to experience an increasingly common economic, social and cultural environment. A process that affects everybody throughout the world.

Globalization

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True or False

Some recognizes ecologism as a continuing process which advance global technological development and communications has also negative impacts on the balance

False.

Globalization instead of Ecologism

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True or False

Globalization has improved the quality of life in several developing nations

True

such as Transportation system, and
accessibility to services like education and healthcare.

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True or False

Globalization has a short-lived impact on the environment.

False.

Lasting Impact

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ENUMERATE:

4 lasting impact of Globalization on the environment:

– Increased transport of goods
– Economic Specialization
– Decreased Biodiversity
– Increased Awareness

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It deals specifically about environmental problems in a global context.

Global Environmental Politics

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GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLITICS deals specifically about environmental problems in a global context, such as (Give 4)

International treaties
Climate change
The ozone layer
International environmental NGOs

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The increased transport of goods can impact the environment in 3 different ways, such as:

– Increased Emissions
– Habitat Destruction
– Invasive Species

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________ Open businesses which they can sell goods and source labor, raw materials and components. Finished products travel farther now, halfway around the world.

Increased Transport of Goods

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True or False

The more fuel is consumed, the lesser greenhouse gas emissions

False. Greater GHG

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Defition of _____:

One over-looked side effect of globalization is that it allows nations and geographical regions to focus on economic strength – often boost productivity and efficiency

Economic Specialization

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3 Impacts of Economic Specialization [Over specialization] that affects the environment

-- Illegal Deforestation -- Overfishing in coastal areas -- Overdependence on cash crops

Increased greenhouse gas emissions, ocean acidification, deforestation, climate change and the introduction of invasive species all contributed to the reduction of _____ around the globe

biodiversity

On _______ – UN General Assembly adopted the UN Millenium Declaration – called for a global partnership to reduce extreme poverty

September 2000

______ is the First ever quantifiable targets to be agreed upon by all UN member states

Millenium Development Goals

Former UN SecGen ______ established the eight (8) objectives – deadline set in _____.

-- Kofi Annan -- 2015

Former UN SecGen Kofi Annan established the eight (8) objectives – deadline set in 2015, which are:

*Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger * Achieve universal primary education * Promote gender equality and empower women * Reduce child mortality * Improve maternal health * Combat HIV-AIDS, malaria and other diseases * Ensure environmental sustainability * Develop a global partnership for development

True or False One of the specific targets set out by the SDGs has been both regionally and thematically unbalanced

False. MDG instead of SDG

MDG follows a ______ approach. choosing some but not all. Attributed that the MDGs only applied to countries of the Global South

Piecemeal

_____ Definition: Uniformly applicable to all countries – removing developing vs developed dichotomy

Sustainable Development Goals

______ is focused on a global development with and for sustainability – demonstrate an understanding that ______ is not an add-on or opposition to sustainable development but rather the base that underpins all other goals

-- SDG -- Environment

True or False SDG Empowers non-state actors to act

True

True or False The monitoring kf SDG will be focused at the remote provinces where great amount of implementation and monitoring will occur

False. Should monitor national level, cities and urban areas

3 Challenges of SDG

* Missing out on integration potential * Data and monitoring challenges * Financing and North-South divide

What should we aim to be (Para ma-achieve ang meaningful environmentalism)

Ecological Man

The opposite of ecological Man

INdustrial Man

It is a sub-field of Political Science which deals with the convergence of international political and economic forces

International political economy (IPE)

is also responsible for giving the most mainstream discussion on Globalization

International political economy (IPE)

____ became the major basis of defining Globalization

Economic globalization

___ is often associated with Western liberalism

Globalization

Powerful nations having dominant ______. These control global markets and they are representatives of the interests of their home nations

multi-national corporations (MNCs)

In the era of ______, there is no denying about the value of global trade, investment and finance

economic globalization

True or False International economic relationships have important implications for natural environment. These can contribute to environmental problems or solutions

true

Positive benefit of International economic relationships?

Environmental benefits being attached to the economic growth that global economic transactions seek to facilitate

Negatives of International economic relationships?

It is important that environmental policies do “restrict” global economic transactions

Around_____ (what year?), debates between global political economy and the environment erupted in full force

1990s

There has been a long standing and heated debate over the impact of trade to the environment. What are the 2 different perspectives?

-- NEOCLASSICAL (focuses on supply and demand as the driving forces of production) -- ECOLOGICAL ECONOMISTS (Social metabolism has damaging impact)

Whose perspective? - Social metabolism has damaging impact * Ex. Shifting of industrial countries from biomass energy to fossil fuels (India, China and Brazil)

Ecological Economists

Mechanisms of global governance that deal with trade and environmental issues include __________ as well as _________

-- international agreements on trade -- international environmental agreements

Whose perspective? trade has positive environmental implications related to efficiency BUT trade restrictions can lead to the domestic UNDERPRICING of resources which encourages their OVERUSE

NEOCLASSICAL

HOW MANY countries took global action plan to tackle climate change

195 countries

It Gives the world a framework for avoiding dangerous impacts of climate change

Paris agreement (2015)

REASONS why Paris Agreement is good for economies: * Climate action could produce $_____ globally in economic benefits thru low * Climate related disasters cost nearly $___ trillion over the past 2 decades

-- $26 trillion -- $2.3 trillion

REASONS why Paris Agreement is good for economies: Can create how many million new jobs?

24 M

REASONS why Paris Agreement is good for economies: Subsidizing the fossil fuel industry up to $____trillion

5 trillion

true or false Climate action under the Paris Agreement can drive sustainable economic growth

true

Enumerate 7 REASONS why Paris Agreement is good for economies:

-- Climate action could produce $26 trillion globally in economic benefits thru low carbon economy -- Can create 24 million new jobs * Climate related disasters cost nearly $2.3 trillion over the past 2 decades * Air pollution poses a huge financial burden * Subsidizing the fossil fuel industry up to $5 trillion * Investors wanted the governments to act now * Climate action under the Paris Agreement can drive sustainable economic growth

what policy? to facilitate the attainment and maintenance of rational and orderly balance between socio-economic development and environmental protection

PD no. 1586 or Environment Impact Assessment System

Considered as expansion of the real freedoms and capabilities

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Allow liberties to expand such as economic growth, increased personal income, technological progress/modernization

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Attention has been also given to the role of natural resources and the environment – pointed out that “environment as a limit to ____”

economic growth

The effects of economic growth and development on the environmental quality has ____ relation

opposite causal

Too much carbon in the atmosphere and to the ocean waters – it increases the ____, that cause the planet to become warmer than normal.

greenhouse effect

Causes: burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial activities which results to climate disruption

AIR POLLUTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE

4 solutions to air pollution and climate change?

-- Replacing FF with RE, reforestation, -- reducing emissions from agriculture, -- change in industrial processes

Occurs when forests are being converted to non-forest uses – road construction and agriculture.

Deforestation

According to FAO, forests cover ___% of the world area (2020) – about half before agriculture started around ____ years ago

-- 31% -- 11,000

What can be the solution to deforestation?

Conservation that needs to have strong governance

According to UN, it estimates that about ____ hectares of land are degraded

12 million

Solution to Soil Degradation?

Conservation and restoration, -- from no-till agriculture (valuable in drought- prone areas) -- to crop rotation -- to water-retention through terrace-building

_______ called for a global partnership to reduce extreme poverty

UN Millenium Declaration

_____ adopted the UN Millenium Declaration called for a global partnership to reduce extreme poverty

UN General Assembly

First ever quantifiable targets to be agreed upon by all UN member states

Millenium Development Goals (2000-2015)

Piecemeal Approach. Attributed that the MDGs only applied to countries of the ___

Global South

SDG Focused on a global development with and for sustainability – demonstrate an understanding that ____ is not an add-on or opposition to sustainable development but rather the base that underpins all other goals

environment

what year is the paris agreement?

2015

It is a process that affects everybody throughout the world

Globalization

Some recognizes this as a continuing process which advance global technological development and communications has also negative impacts on the balance

Globalization

the process which all people and communities come to experience an increasingly common economic, social and cultural environment

Globalization