Geriatrics

Question 1

what is ageism?

Answer 1

discriminating against someone because of their age

Question 2

T/F: Ageism is associated with earlier death (7.5 years), poorer physical and mental health, and poor health behaviors

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In 2020, people over 65 and over comprised _____% of the population in the united states

Answer 3

20%

Question 4

T/F: Life expectancy continues to decrease

Answer 4

false; life expectancy continues to rise

Question 5

T/F: Women have a longer life expectancy than men

Answer 5

true

Question 6

________% of people aged 85+ live in long term care facilities

Answer 6

15%

Question 7

T/F: many more community dwelling older men live alone than women

Answer 7

false; more community dwelling older women live alone

Question 8

What percentage of Americans over 65 yrs of age living in nursing homes?

Answer 8

4%

Question 9

What 3 things does successful aging include?

Answer 9

1) low risk of disease and deconditioning
2) high cognitive and physical functioning
3) active engagement with life

Question 9

What is the u-shaped curve of happiness?

Answer 9

happiest at the beginning and end of life cycle

Question 9

secondary aging vs primary aging?

Answer 9

primary aging: inevitable and affects all systems
secondary aging: changeable; occurs due to lifestyle, environment, and disease

Question 10

Name 3 factors that contribute to healthy aging

Answer 10

physical activity, lifestyle, sense of purpose

Question 11

________-_________% muscle loss per decade after 50

Answer 11

12-15%

Question 12

atypical aging is due to ________________

Answer 12

underlying disease processes

Question 13

T/F: typical aging includes gradual decline in functioning of body systems

Answer 13

true

Question 14

What are the 5 neuro red flags?

Answer 14

1) LOC
2) Confusion
3) Seizures
4) Sudden bowel/bladder incontinence
5) Sudden gait abnormalities

Question 15

_____________ is the number 1 cause of death in the US

Answer 15

heart disease

Question 16

____________ is the largest organ in the body: ______% of body weight

Answer 16

skin; 15%

Question 17

Pressure sores can develop in less than _______ hours

Answer 17

2 hours

Question 18

Long term memory, procedural memory, retention of newly learned information, and visual recognition of objects ____________ (increase / decrease / remain stable) with aging

Answer 18

remain stable

Question 19

Diagnostic criteria for dimentia states that ________ or more must be significantly impaired:
- memory
- communication and language
-ability to focus and pay attention
- reasoning and judgement
- visual perception

Answer 19

2 or more

Question 20

What is the difference between dimentia and delirium?

Answer 20

delirium is a sudden change in mental function while dementia is gradual declination

Question 21

What is the most common mental health condition in people age 65+?

Answer 21

Depression

Question 22

What is the PHQ-2 screening tool used for?

Answer 22

Used to screen for depression

Question 23

Which 2 chronic conditions are most common in people over 65 according to the chart on slide 33?

Answer 23

Arthritis and hypertension

Question 24

a BMI of less than ______ is considered to be underweight

Answer 24

18.5

Question 25

Cancer incidence has increased by ____% in older adults in the last 30 years

Answer 25

26%

Question 26

T/F: frailness is not predictive of falls

Answer 26

False; frailness is predictive of falls

Question 27

What does the Be FAST acronym stand for and what is is used for?

Answer 27

F- face A- arms S- speech T- time

Question 28

______% of women 65+ have had a UTI within the last 12 months

Answer 28

10%

Question 29

____________ is the second leading cause of hospital acquired infection

Answer 29

pneumonia

Question 30

____________________: the capacity to function across many domains - physical, functional, cognitive, emotional, social, and spiritual - to one's satisfaction and in spite of one's medical conditions

Answer 30

optimal aging

Question 31

What stage of Erik Erikson's developmental stages are geriatrics?

Answer 31

older adult

Question 32

peak bone density occurs at the age of _______

Answer 32

30

Question 33

VO2max declines ______% per decade after the age of 20

Answer 33

10%

Question 34

What is cataracts?

Answer 34

clouding of the lens due to protein buildup

Question 35

Cataracts occurs in _______% of adults age 75

Answer 35

70%

Question 36

What is glaucoma?

Answer 36

loss of peripheral vision (tunnel vision)

Question 37

What is retinopathy?

Answer 37

damaged blood vessels in the eyes

Question 38

how does macular degeneration effect vision?

Answer 38

loss of clarity at center of vision field

Question 39

____________________ includes decision making, problem solving, planning, sequencing, and multitasking. This decreases due to aging.

Answer 39

executive cognitive function

Question 40

Mood changes, visuospatial changes, memory changes, and communication difficulties are all (typical / atypical) cognitive changes due to aging

Answer 40

atypical

Question 41

MCI affects _____% of people age 65-74, and ______% of people age 85+

Answer 41

19% of people aged 65-74; 38% of people age 85+

Question 42

T/F: mild cognitive impairment reduces the capabilities of a person compared to their respective age and education level and interferes with ADLs

Answer 42

false; DOES NOT interfere with ADL's

Question 43

What is the most common type of Dementia?

Answer 43

Alzheimer's

Question 44

_______________ is an umbrella term that describes a collection of symptoms that are caused by disorders affecting the brain. It is not one specific disease

Answer 44

Dementia

Question 45

What are two causes of delirium?

Answer 45

UTI or infection and dehydration

Question 46

the biggest contributing factor to ___________ in this population is loneliness, life events, and transitions

Answer 46

depression

Question 47

There are ____________ (Increased / decreased) rates of depression among lower socioeconomic status patients

Answer 47

increased

Question 48

between ________ to _____% of elders in communal living facilities are depressed

Answer 48

30-44%

Question 49

What are two signs and symptoms of cancer?

Answer 49

constant pain that occurs at night and weight loss

Question 50

T/F: Frailness can affect physical, cognitive, and psychological domains

Answer 50

true

Question 51

Decreased physiologic reserve across multiple organ systems leading to identifiable alterations in physical function is a key hallmark of..........

Answer 51

frailty

Question 52

Which degree of frailty does the following description match?: Slowing may need help with IADLs, making adaptations to functional mobility. Vulnerable and often makes a poor recovery from illness or injury

Answer 52

Mild frailty

Question 53

Which degree of frailty does the following description match?: dependent in ADLs, actively or inactively dying. Life expectancy 6 to 12 months

Answer 53

severe frailty

Question 54

_____________ are a leading cause of long term disability

Answer 54

Strokes

Question 55

What are the top 3 stroke risk factors?

Answer 55

age, high blood pressure, and diabetes

Question 56

What is the primary infection acquired in hospitals or long term care facilities?

Answer 56

UTI

Question 57

T/F: UTI's can cause a change in mental and function status that often mimics dementia

Answer 57

true

Question 58

_________________ leads to roughly 50% of all diagnosis or sepsis and results in a 33% mortality rate

Answer 58

pneumonia