Flashcards in Gero Test 1 Deck (49)
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1
Biological Theories of Aging
-Genetic
-damage (free radicals cross linkage)
-Gradual Imbalance
2
Predictors of Successful Aging
-Genetics
-health and social services
-lifestyle choices and behaviors
-psychological attributes
-life events
-socioeconomic status
-physical and social environment
-culture and gender
3
Psychological Theories
Heirchy of needs (self actualization, transendence)
-psychological stages
-selective optimization with compensation
4
Psychological determanints
-intelligence
-cognative capacity
-self efficacy
-self esteem
-personal control
-coping style
-resillience
5
Sociological Theories
-activity
-continuity (involved in groups)
-social/physical environment ( group ex social group with social support)
6
Physical Activity
-major determinent of success
-fitness vs premature death (body/mind)
-spirit (aestetic experiences)
7
Physical Activity and Cognitive Function
-memory, attention, learning, goal setting, decision meeting, problem solving
-fit>unfit (=age)
-calcombe and kramer
executive controll tasks, controled procesing, visuospatial, sped, most improvement with executive control tasks
8
Strategies for PA promotion
-dissemination (newsletter)
-collaboration
-address barriers
-community based
maintain communication
9
CV chagnes
-wall thickening (BV, left ventricle)
-stiffness (aorta, arteries inc perif resis = inc BP)
-increased size left atrium
-Inc BP
-inc TPR MAP
-Hypertension
-dec baroflexor response
10
Neuroendocrine
-PNS slows down (ACH decHR)
-SNS (norepineph inc HR)
-dec sensitive to catecholamines (lower HRmax slower CV adaptations)
-Long Warm UP and Cool Downs
11
CV Function
-HR
-Stroke volume (lowersw/age)
-CO (Q=SVxR)
-Arteriovenous O2 diff
-blood distrib
-VO2 max lowers 10% decade
12
FICK equation
VO2=QxO2 diff a-v
13
CVD
-Coronary heart disease
-Stroke (hemoragic/ischematic. Cerebral/peripheral. paralysis/hemiplegia)
-HTN
-Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PCTA)
14
CV Risk Factors
-smilking
-Htn
-chol
-inactivity
-obesity
-diabetes
-genes
-gender
-age
15
PA and CV function
-lower resting BP,HR,Q,TPR
-strengthens resp musc
-enhance O2 difusion, oxidation
-inc BV
16
Respiratory changes
Decreased
-alveolar SA
-small airways
-elastic recoil
Increased
-physiological dead space
-large airways
-chest wall stiffness
-work to breathe
17
Lung Funcion
-Tidal volume reg rest breath
-inspiratory reserve volume
-expiratory reserve volume
-residucal volume
18
Measures
-forced vital capacity FVC
-forced expiratory volume FEV1
FEV;FVC ratio
-peak flow meter
19
Respiratory diseases
-asthma (obstruction, inflammation, reactivity
-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
-bronchitis
-emphysema
-symptoms
20
PA and Lung function
-prevent declines
-yoga tia chi (deep diaphrag breathing, inc elasticity)
-water ex
21
Adaptations for CVPA
-longer warm up and cool down
-rpe
-lower intensities
-intermittent
-avoid temp extremes
22
Musculoskeletal
-sarcopenia/dynapenia
-peak 20s/30s
-dynamic loss>static loss
-upper loss>lower loss
-dec # of fibers, size type2, contract qual
-inc 2b fib, ct, fat
-less MU
-less capilary BF
23
Neuromuscular syatem
-inc 1rm 28-152%
24
changes in muscle power
-dec 6-11% per decade
25
Changes in bone density
-1%loss/yr 30-50
-2-3% yr post menopause
-calcium reg hormones dec osteoclast activity
26
osteoporosis
-bmd <-2.5 SD
-factors smoking alcoholism EDs meds
27
EX with osteoporosis
-wt bearing
-resist (progress slow, low wt)
-circuit intervals
-support
AVOID
-painzones wrist hands
-no ext spine flex/ext
28
Diabetic neuropathy
-balance hot/cold cut/blister/infec
-limit wt bear, foot care
29
Neurological Function
-fluid inelligence insuff O2, dec NTsyn, cereb metab
-main crystallized intelligence
30
PA and Cognitive Function
1Cerebral blood flow
-lower BP, chol, blood clots, incr metab
2neuronal groth/survival
3neural efficiency
-all need for independence
31
Changes in sensory and motor function
DECREASED
-proprioception
-foot sensation
-vestibular function
-Slowed RT
INCREASED
-falls, postural instability
32
Changes in Vision
-visual acuit
-peripheral vision
-glare
-dark
depth
-contrast
33
Changes in Hearing
-acuity
-localization of sound
-mask extraneous sounds
-echoing
-tinnitus
34
Neuroligical Conditions
Parkinsons
-gait shuffle, protec from falls w/ex
Alzheimers
-balance, dementia, ex consistent w/patient
35
Meds
antidepressents/tranquilizers
-inc hr dec bp
nicotine
-inc hr bp
thyroid
-inc hr bp
alcohol
-chron inc bp
caffeine
-dep on sens
36
pre exercise and health screening
-identifies cliens at risk
-current health and pa status
-appropriate tests
-programing info
37
contraindicaions
-relative or absolute
-chest pain
-short of breath
-dizzy/fainting
-ankle swelling
-fast/irregular hr
-intermittent claudication (leg pain)
-heart murmer
-undue fatigue
38
risk factors for CVD CAD
-sudden cardiac death w/ex
-above 45
-fam history
-smoke
-htn
-dyslipidemia ad cholest
-diabetes
-obesity
-sedentary
39
Screening steps
1 informed consent
2parq
3physician consent
4health history activity questionnaire
5 feedback and confidentiality
40
informed consent
-communication
-information and consent
-description
-voluntary
-confidentiality
-med coverage
-contact info
-compreshension
-legal obligation
41
parq
sympt
-cad
-musculoskel
-limitations
-walkins
-phys consent
desc. endosement/denial
42
health history and activity questionarre
-identify contraindications, risks, limitations
-additional info
ex activities, abilities, pref
risk of med emergencies/falls
-facilitates dev of program
43
Feedback and Confidentiality
-share
-avd tech terms
-positive
-private
add screening tools
-bp
-bmi
-waist to hip
-waist circumference
44
Lab based physiological assessments
-CRF
-Musc strength
-body comp
-balance
45
CRF test
-det independence, BADL ADL
-ex presc/assessments
-indep level- risk and baseline
46
Direct CRF test
-vo2 max is more accurate
-more money
-more risk
47
indirect CRF test
-submax vo2
-less accurate
-less money
-less risk
-75% hr max
48
CRF equiptment
treadmill
-functional
cycle ergometer
-bp, work rate, upright/recumb
arm ergometer
-low/noambulation
-nustep
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