Gero Test 1 Flashcards

(49 cards)

1
Q

Biological Theories of Aging

A
  • Genetic
  • damage (free radicals cross linkage)
  • Gradual Imbalance
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2
Q

Predictors of Successful Aging

A
  • Genetics
  • health and social services
  • lifestyle choices and behaviors
  • psychological attributes
  • life events
  • socioeconomic status
  • physical and social environment
  • culture and gender
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3
Q

Psychological Theories

A

Heirchy of needs (self actualization, transendence)

  • psychological stages
  • selective optimization with compensation
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4
Q

Psychological determanints

A
  • intelligence
  • cognative capacity
  • self efficacy
  • self esteem
  • personal control
  • coping style
  • resillience
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5
Q

Sociological Theories

A
  • activity
  • continuity (involved in groups)
  • social/physical environment ( group ex social group with social support)
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6
Q

Physical Activity

A
  • major determinent of success
  • fitness vs premature death (body/mind)
  • spirit (aestetic experiences)
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7
Q

Physical Activity and Cognitive Function

A

-memory, attention, learning, goal setting, decision meeting, problem solving
-fit>unfit (=age)
-calcombe and kramer
executive controll tasks, controled procesing, visuospatial, sped, most improvement with executive control tasks

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8
Q

Strategies for PA promotion

A

-dissemination (newsletter)
-collaboration
-address barriers
-community based
maintain communication

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9
Q

CV chagnes

A
  • wall thickening (BV, left ventricle)
  • stiffness (aorta, arteries inc perif resis = inc BP)
  • increased size left atrium
  • Inc BP
  • inc TPR MAP
  • Hypertension
  • dec baroflexor response
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10
Q

Neuroendocrine

A
  • PNS slows down (ACH decHR)
  • SNS (norepineph inc HR)
  • dec sensitive to catecholamines (lower HRmax slower CV adaptations)
  • Long Warm UP and Cool Downs
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11
Q

CV Function

A
  • HR
  • Stroke volume (lowersw/age)
  • CO (Q=SVxR)
  • Arteriovenous O2 diff
  • blood distrib
  • VO2 max lowers 10% decade
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12
Q

FICK equation

A

VO2=QxO2 diff a-v

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13
Q

CVD

A
  • Coronary heart disease
  • Stroke (hemoragic/ischematic. Cerebral/peripheral. paralysis/hemiplegia)
  • HTN
  • Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PCTA)
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14
Q

CV Risk Factors

A
  • smilking
  • Htn
  • chol
  • inactivity
  • obesity
  • diabetes
  • genes
  • gender
  • age
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15
Q

PA and CV function

A
  • lower resting BP,HR,Q,TPR
  • strengthens resp musc
  • enhance O2 difusion, oxidation
  • inc BV
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16
Q

Respiratory changes

A
Decreased
-alveolar SA
-small airways
-elastic recoil
Increased
-physiological dead space
-large airways
-chest wall stiffness
-work to breathe
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17
Q

Lung Funcion

A
  • Tidal volume reg rest breath
  • inspiratory reserve volume
  • expiratory reserve volume
  • residucal volume
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18
Q

Measures

A

-forced vital capacity FVC
-forced expiratory volume FEV1
FEV;FVC ratio
-peak flow meter

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19
Q

Respiratory diseases

A
  • asthma (obstruction, inflammation, reactivity
  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
  • bronchitis
  • emphysema
  • symptoms
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20
Q

PA and Lung function

A
  • prevent declines
  • yoga tia chi (deep diaphrag breathing, inc elasticity)
  • water ex
21
Q

Adaptations for CVPA

A
  • longer warm up and cool down
  • rpe
  • lower intensities
  • intermittent
  • avoid temp extremes
22
Q

Musculoskeletal

A
  • sarcopenia/dynapenia
  • peak 20s/30s
  • dynamic loss>static loss
  • upper loss>lower loss
  • dec # of fibers, size type2, contract qual
  • inc 2b fib, ct, fat
  • less MU
  • less capilary BF
23
Q

Neuromuscular syatem

A

-inc 1rm 28-152%

24
Q

changes in muscle power

A

-dec 6-11% per decade

25
Changes in bone density
- 1%loss/yr 30-50 - 2-3% yr post menopause - calcium reg hormones dec osteoclast activity
26
osteoporosis
- bmd <-2.5 SD | - factors smoking alcoholism EDs meds
27
EX with osteoporosis
-wt bearing -resist (progress slow, low wt) -circuit intervals -support AVOID -painzones wrist hands -no ext spine flex/ext
28
Diabetic neuropathy
- balance hot/cold cut/blister/infec | - limit wt bear, foot care
29
Neurological Function
- fluid inelligence insuff O2, dec NTsyn, cereb metab | - main crystallized intelligence
30
PA and Cognitive Function
``` 1Cerebral blood flow -lower BP, chol, blood clots, incr metab 2neuronal groth/survival 3neural efficiency -all need for independence ```
31
Changes in sensory and motor function
``` DECREASED -proprioception -foot sensation -vestibular function -Slowed RT INCREASED -falls, postural instability ```
32
Changes in Vision
-visual acuit -peripheral vision -glare -dark depth -contrast
33
Changes in Hearing
- acuity - localization of sound - mask extraneous sounds - echoing - tinnitus
34
Neuroligical Conditions
Parkinsons -gait shuffle, protec from falls w/ex Alzheimers -balance, dementia, ex consistent w/patient
35
Meds
``` antidepressents/tranquilizers -inc hr dec bp nicotine -inc hr bp thyroid -inc hr bp alcohol -chron inc bp caffeine -dep on sens ```
36
pre exercise and health screening
- identifies cliens at risk - current health and pa status - appropriate tests - programing info
37
contraindicaions
- relative or absolute - chest pain - short of breath - dizzy/fainting - ankle swelling - fast/irregular hr - intermittent claudication (leg pain) - heart murmer - undue fatigue
38
risk factors for CVD CAD
- sudden cardiac death w/ex - above 45 - fam history - smoke - htn - dyslipidemia ad cholest - diabetes - obesity - sedentary
39
Screening steps
``` 1 informed consent 2parq 3physician consent 4health history activity questionnaire 5 feedback and confidentiality ```
40
informed consent
- communication - information and consent - description - voluntary - confidentiality - med coverage - contact info - compreshension - legal obligation
41
parq
sympt - cad - musculoskel - limitations - walkins - phys consent desc. endosement/denial
42
health history and activity questionarre
-identify contraindications, risks, limitations -additional info ex activities, abilities, pref risk of med emergencies/falls -facilitates dev of program
43
Feedback and Confidentiality
-share -avd tech terms -positive -private add screening tools -bp -bmi -waist to hip -waist circumference
44
Lab based physiological assessments
- CRF - Musc strength - body comp - balance
45
CRF test
- det independence, BADL ADL - ex presc/assessments - indep level- risk and baseline
46
Direct CRF test
- vo2 max is more accurate - more money - more risk
47
indirect CRF test
- submax vo2 - less accurate - less money - less risk - 75% hr max
48
CRF equiptment
``` treadmill -functional cycle ergometer -bp, work rate, upright/recumb arm ergometer -low/noambulation -nustep ```
49
Balance
-proprioception -neuromuscula control Measures -static -dynamic -reactive postural control -sensory integration/organization Force plate, balance trainer